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The integer factorization problem (IFP) underpins the security of RSA, yet becomes efficiently solvable on a quantum computer through Shor's algorithm. Regev's recent high-dimensional variant reduces the circuit size through lattice-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Wentao Yang , Bao Yan , Muxi Zheng , Quanfeng Lu , Shijie Wei , Gui-Lu Long

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

We present fast and highly parallelized versions of Shor's algorithm. With a sizable quantum computer it would then be possible to factor numbers with millions of digits. The main algorithm presented here uses FFT-based fast integer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christof Zalka

In general, a quantum circuit is constructed with elementary gates, such as one-qubit gates and CNOT gates. It is possible, however, to speed up the execution time of a given circuit by merging those elementary gates together into larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Mikio Nakahara , Yasushi Kondo , Kazuya Hata , Shogo Tanimura

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

The ability to implement the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) efficiently on a quantum computer facilitates the advantages offered by a variety of fundamental quantum algorithms, such as those for integer factoring, computing discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 Yunseong Nam , Yuan Su , Dmitri Maslov

We present a quantum algorithm for multiplying two $n$-bit integers with overall circuit depth and $T$-depth both bounded by $O(\log^{2} n)$, while using $O(n^{2})$ gates and ancillary qubits. Our construction generates partial products via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Fred Sun , Anton Borissov

We present an asymptotically improved algorithm for implementing the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) in both the exact and approximate settings. Historically, the approximate QFT has been implemented in $\Theta(n \log n)$ gates, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Ronit Shah

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

In this research, we create a scalable version of the quantum Fourier transform-based arithmetic circuit to perform addition and subtraction operations on N n-bit unsigned integers encoded in quantum registers, and it is compatible with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Murat Kurt , Ayda Kaltehei , Azmi Gençten , Selçuk Çakmak

Quantum squaring operation is a useful building block in implementing quantum algorithms such as linear regression, regularized least squares algorithm, order-finding algorithm, quantum search algorithm, Newton Raphson division, Euclidean…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Afrin Sultana , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aravind Joshi , Akshara Kairali , Renju Raju , Adithya Athreya , Reena Monica P , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Srinjoy Ganguly

Considering its relevance in the field of cryptography, integer factorization is a prominent application where Quantum computers are expected to have a substantial impact. Thanks to Shor's algorithm this peculiar problem can be solved in…

We present a compact quantum circuit for factoring a large class of integers, including some whose classical hardness is expected to be equivalent to RSA (but not including RSA integers themselves). Most notably, we factor $n$-bit integers…

We present reversible classical circuits for performing various arithmetic operations aided by dirty ancillae (i.e. extra qubits in an unknown state that must be restored before the circuit ends). We improve the number of clean qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Craig Gidney

This study presents a quantum circuit for estimating the pi value using arithmetic circuits and by quantum amplitude estimation. We review two types of quantum multipliers and propose quantum squaring circuits based on the multiplier as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-22 Takuma Noto

We improve the number of T gates needed to perform an n-bit adder from 8n + O(1) to 4n + O(1). We do so via a "temporary logical-AND" construction which uses four T gates to store the logical-AND of two qubits into an ancilla and zero T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-21 Craig Gidney

We discuss the realization of a universal set of ultrafast single- and two-qubit operations with superconducting quantum circuits and investigate the most relevant physical and technical limitations that arise when pushing for faster and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Daoquan Zhu , Tuomas Jaako , Qiongyi He , Peter Rabl

The quantum permutation algorithm provides computational speed-up over classical algorithms in determining the parity of a given cyclic permutation. For its $n$-qubit implementations, the number of required quantum gates scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 İ. Yalçınkaya , Z. Gedik