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Many words are ambiguous in terms of their part of speech (POS). However, when a word appears in a text, this ambiguity is generally much reduced. Disambiguating POS involves using context to reduce the number of POS associated with words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Eric G. C. Laporte

Motivated by concerns for user privacy, we design a steganographic system ("stegosystem") that enables two users to exchange encrypted messages without an adversary detecting that such an exchange is taking place. We propose a new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Tina Fang , Martin Jaggi , Katerina Argyraki

Large language models can rewrite text to embed hidden payloads while preserving surface-level meaning, a capability that opens covert channels between cooperating AI systems and poses challenges for alignment monitoring. We study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Andrii Shportko

Steganography in multimedia aims to embed secret data into an innocent looking multimedia cover object. This embedding introduces some distortion to the cover object and produces a corresponding stego object. The embedding distortion is…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hassan Y. El Arsh , Amr Abdelaziz , Ahmed Elliethy , Hussein A. Aly , T. Aaron Gulliver

Despite the superior performance of Deep Learning (DL) on numerous segmentation tasks, the DL-based approaches are notoriously overconfident about their prediction with highly polarized label probability. This is often not desirable for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Sungmin Hong , Anna K. Bonkhoff , Andrew Hoopes , Martin Bretzner , Markus D. Schirmer , Anne-Katrin Giese , Adrian V. Dalca , Polina Golland , Natalia S. Rost

Syntactic annotation of corpora in the form of part-of-speech (POS) tags is a key requirement for both linguistic research and subsequent automated natural language processing (NLP) tasks. This problem is commonly tackled using machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Stefan Heid , Marcel Wever , Eyke Hüllermeier

While provably secure steganography provides strong concealment by ensuring stego carriers are indistinguishable from natural samples, such systems remain vulnerable to real-world edit errors (e.g., insertions, deletions, substitutions)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhihan Cao , Gaolei Li , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li , Hang Zhang , Mingzhe Chen

Performance indicators characterizing modern steganographic techniques include capacity (i.e. the quantity of data that can be hidden in the cover medium), stego quality (i.e. artifacts visibility), security (i.e. undetectability), and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Alan Anwer Abdulla , Sabah A. Jassim , Harin Sellahewa

Steganography involves hiding a secret message or image inside another cover image. Changes are made in the cover image without affecting visual quality of the image. In contrast to cryptography, Steganography provides complete secrecy of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-04-11 G. Umamaheswari , Dr. C. P. Sumathi

Despite remarkable progress in steganography, embedding semantically rich, sentence-level information into carriers remains a challenging problem. In this work, we present a novel concept of Semantic Steganography, which aims to hide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Huanqi Wu , Huangbiao Xu , Runfeng Xie , Jiaxin Cai , Kaixin Zhang , Xiao Ke

Recent advances in neural symbolic learning, such as DeepProbLog, extend probabilistic logic programs with neural predicates. Like graphical models, these probabilistic logic programs define a probability distribution over possible worlds,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Thomas Winters , Giuseppe Marra , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

Scribble-based weakly supervised semantic segmentation leverages only a few annotated pixels as labels to train a segmentation model, presenting significant potential for reducing the human labor involved in the annotation process. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Xinliang Zhang , Lei Zhu , Shuang Zeng , Hangzhou He , Ourui Fu , Zhengjian Yao , Zhaoheng Xie , Yanye Lu

Hiding information in network traffic may lead to leakage of confidential information. In this paper we introduce a new steganographic system: the PadSteg (Padding Steganography). To authors' best knowledge it is the first information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-04-05 Bartosz Jankowski , Wojciech Mazurczyk , Krzysztof Szczypiorski

Undetectable wireless transmissions are fundamental to avoid eavesdroppers. To address this issue, wireless steganography hides covert information inside primary information by slightly modifying the transmitted waveform such that primary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Salvatore D'Oro , Francesco Restuccia , Tommaso Melodia

Prevalent semantic speech tokenizers, designed to capture linguistic content, are surprisingly fragile. We find they are not robust to meaning-irrelevant acoustic perturbations; even at high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) where speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuhan Song , Linhao Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Aiwei Liu , Wei Jia , Houfeng Wang , Xiao Zhou

Deep learning based image steganalysis has attracted increasing attentions in recent years. Several Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been proposed and achieved state-of-the-art performances on detecting steganography. In this…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Songtao Wu , Sheng-hua Zhong , Yan Liu

Existing disambiguation strategies for partial structured output learning just cannot generalize well to solve the problem that there are some candidates which can be false positive or similar to the ground-truth label. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Xiaolei Lu , Tommy W. S. Chow

LSB steganography is a one of the most widely used methods for implementing covert data channels in image file exchanges [1][2]. The low computational complexity and implementation simplicity of the algorithm are significant factors for its…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-09 James Collins , Sos Agaian

Semantic communications have been envisioned as a potential technique that goes beyond Shannon paradigm. Unlike modern communications that provide bit-level security, the eaves-dropping of semantic communications poses a significant risk of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yongkang Li , Zheng Shi , Han Hu , Yaru Fu , Hong Wang , Hongjiang Lei

In this paper, the authors propose a new algorithm to hide data inside image using steganography technique. The proposed algorithm uses binary codes and pixels inside an image. The zipped file is used before it is converted to binary codes…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2011-12-14 Rosziati Ibrahim , Teoh Suk Kuan
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