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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) holds substantial promise for intelligent decision-making in complex environments. However, it suffers from a coordination and scalability bottleneck as the number of agents increases. To address…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Tianyang Duan , Zongyuan Zhang , Songxiao Guo , Dong Huang , Yuanye Zhao , Zheng Lin , Zihan Fang , Dianxin Luan , Heming Cui , Yong Cui

Two hitherto disconnected threads of research, diverse exploration (DE) and maximum entropy RL have addressed a wide range of problems facing reinforcement learning algorithms via ostensibly distinct mechanisms. In this work, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Andrew Cohen , Lei Yu , Xingye Qiao , Xiangrong Tong

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has become a promising solution for constructing a multi-agent autonomous driving system (MADS) in complex and dense scenarios. But most methods consider agents acting selfishly, which leads to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jintao Xue , Dongkun Zhang , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang , Eryun Liu

Training a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm is more challenging than training a single-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, because the result of a multi-agent task strongly depends on the complex interactions among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Heechang Ryu , Hayong Shin , Jinkyoo Park

The retrieval-ranking paradigm has long dominated e-commerce search, but its reliance on query-item matching fundamentally misaligns with multi-stage cognitive decision processes of platform users. This misalignment introduces critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhouwei Zhai , Mengxiang Chen , Haoyun Xia , Jin Li , Renquan Zhou , Min Yang

Multitask Reinforcement Learning (MTRL) approaches have gained increasing attention for its wide applications in many important Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks. However, while recent advancements in MTRL theory have focused on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-07 Ziping Xu , Zifan Xu , Runxuan Jiang , Peter Stone , Ambuj Tewari

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a branch of machine learning in which agents interact and learn optimal policies through trial and error, addressing complex scenarios where multiple agents interact and learn in the same…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Changhee Lee , Jeongmin Rhee , DongHwa Shin

Online Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a prominent framework for efficient agent coordination. Crucially, enhancing policy expressiveness is pivotal for achieving superior performance. Diffusion-based generative models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Zhuoran Li , Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Qingxin Xia , Lihua Zhang , Longbo Huang

Heterogeneity is a fundamental property in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), which is closely related not only to the functional differences of agents, but also to policy diversity and environmental interactions. However, the MARL…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu , Yuan Wang , Tenghai Qiu , Min Chen , Xin Yu

Various methods for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have been developed with the assumption that agents' policies are based on accurate state information. However, policies learned through Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Songyang Han , Sanbao Su , Sihong He , Shuo Han , Haizhao Yang , Shaofeng Zou , Fei Miao

Search-augmented reasoning agents interleave multi-step reasoning with external information retrieval, but uncontrolled retrieval often leads to redundant evidence, context saturation, and unstable learning. Existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siheng Xiong , Oguzhan Gungordu , Blair Johnson , James C. Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are primarily designed under the assumption that each query has a single correct answer. This overlooks common information-seeking scenarios with multiple plausible answers, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tianyi Hu , Niket Tandon , Akhil Arora

Safe Reinforcement Learning (SafeRL) is the subfield of reinforcement learning that explicitly deals with safety constraints during the learning and deployment of agents. This survey provides a mathematically rigorous overview of SafeRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Preeti Lamba , Pawan Kumar

This paper presents a cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) approach for unmmaned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. An UAV with computing capability can provide task offlaoding services…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Mintae Kim , Hoon Lee , Sangwon Hwang , Merouane Debbah , Inkyu Lee

Multi-agent hierarchical reinforcement learning (MAHRL) has been studied as an effective means to solve intelligent decision problems in complex and large-scale environments. However, most current MAHRL algorithms follow the traditional way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chanjuan Liu , Jinmiao Cong , Bingcai Chen , Yaochu Jin , Enqiang Zhu

The evolution of metropolitan cities and the increase in travel demands impose stringent requirements on traffic assignment methods. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches outperform traditional methods in modeling adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Leizhen Wang , Peibo Duan , Cheng Lyu , Zewen Wang , Zhiqiang He , Nan Zheng , Zhenliang Ma

Multi-agent systems (MAS) solve complex problems through coordinated autonomous entities with individual decision-making capabilities. While Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enables these agents to learn intelligent strategies, it…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xinren Zhang , Sixi Cheng , Zixin Zhong , Jiadong Yu

Most real-world domains can be formulated as multi-agent (MA) systems. Intentionality sharing agents can solve more complex tasks by collaborating, possibly in less time. True cooperative actions are beneficial for egoistic and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Philipp Dominic Siedler

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown great potential in executing complex tasks, but coordination and safety remain significant challenges. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) offers a promising framework for agent collaboration, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Ziqi Jia , Junjie Li , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a very active research area. However, several technical and scientific issues require to be addressed, amongst which we can mention data inefficiency, exploration-exploitation trade-off, and multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Mohammad Reza Samsami , Hossein Alimadad
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