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The parametrization of wireless channels by so-called "beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces" (BD-RIS) is mathematically characterized by a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are partially or fully populated. Physically, this…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…
We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections. Our BD-RIS consists of an antenna array whose ports are…
Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as an advancement and generalization of the conventional diagonal RIS (D-RIS) by introducing tunable interconnections between RIS elements, enabling smarter wave…
Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) is a new advance in RIS techniques that introduces reconfigurable inter-element connections to generate scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal. BD-RIS has been recently…
Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a family of RIS architectures more flexible than conventional RIS. While BD-RIS has been primarily analyzed assuming uni-polarized systems, modern wireless deployments are…
Written by its inventors, this first tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RISs) provides the readers with the basics and fundamental tools necessary to appreciate, understand, and contribute to this emerging…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond…
Integrating BD-RIS into wireless communications systems has attracted significant interest due to its transformative potential in enhancing system performance. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of BD-RIS technology, examining…
Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) has emerged as a promising evolution of RIS technology. By enabling interconnections between RIS elements, BD-RIS architectures offer greater flexibility in wave manipulation…
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is regarded as a key enabler of wave/analog-domain beamforming, processing, and computing in future wireless communication systems. Recently, Beyond Diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a…
Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a promising enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering a paradigm shift from passive environments to programmable radio wave propagation. Despite the potential…
Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…
Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) have recently gained attention as an enhancement to conventional RISs. BD-RISs allow optimizing not only the phase, but also the amplitude responses of their discrete surface…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a revolutionary technology enabling the control of wireless channels and improving coverage in wireless networks. To further extend coverage, multi-RIS aided systems have been explored, where…
Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for enhancing wireless communication by intelligently manipulating the propagation environment. Its interconnected elements offer…
This paper delves into the unexplored frequency-dependent characteristics of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs). A generalized practical frequency-dependent reflection model is proposed as a fundamental framework…
This paper develops a physically consistent signal model with hardware constraints for a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting beyond-diagonal RIS (STAR BD-RIS) endowed with per-element amplification and lossless power splitting. We…
This work studies the wideband modeling and beamforming design of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes and goes beyond conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices to achieve enhanced channel…