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Establishing fair and robust benchmarks is essential for evaluating intelligent code generation by large language models (LLMs). Our survey of 35 existing benchmarks uncovers three major imbalances: 85.7% focus on a single programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Shuai Wang , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Lefei Zhang , Fu Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for coding tasks, with subjective coding preferences being an essential element to adapt to programmers' personal needs. Existing work overlooks such characteristics and mainly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Anna Mokhova , Subhabrata Dutta , Iryna Gurevych , Simone Balloccu

The increasing development of LLMs in code generation has drawn significant attention among researchers. To enhance LLM-based code generation ability, current efforts are predominantly directed towards collecting high-quality datasets and…

LLM-generated code is widely used, and the share of committed code produced by LLMs is expected to increase. However, we are not at a point where LLMs can be effective contributors to production code. We present an approach that exposes the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Chun Jie Chong , Muyeed Ahmed , Zhihao , Yao , Iulian Neamtiu

Language models (LMs) have exhibited impressive abilities in generating codes from natural language requirements. In this work, we highlight the diversity of code generated by LMs as a critical criterion for evaluating their code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Heejae Chon , Seonghyeon Lee , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

Large language models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language descriptions. Their performance is typically evaluated using programming benchmarks that simulate real-world tasks. These benchmarks provide specifications in the form of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shuning Zhang , Yongjoo Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adopted across a wide range of tasks, including decision-making processes in industries where bias in AI systems is a significant concern. Recent research indicates that LLMs can harbor implicit biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Divyanshu Kumar , Umang Jain , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Anshul Khairnar , Aarya Rajoju , Edward F. Gehringer

Automated testing plays a crucial role in ensuring software security. It heavily relies on formal specifications to validate the correctness of the system behavior. However, the main approach to defining these formal specifications is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Hui Li , Zhen Dong , Siao Wang , Hui Zhang , Liwei Shen , Xin Peng , Dongdong She

Including code in the pre-training data mixture, even for models not specifically designed for code, has become a common practice in LLMs pre-training. While there has been anecdotal consensus among practitioners that code data plays a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Viraat Aryabumi , Yixuan Su , Raymond Ma , Adrien Morisot , Ivan Zhang , Acyr Locatelli , Marzieh Fadaee , Ahmet Üstün , Sara Hooker

Code repair is a fundamental task in software development, facilitating efficient bug resolution and software maintenance. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable potential in automated code repair, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dekun Dai , MingWei Liu , Anji Li , Jialun Cao , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in non-generative software maintenance tasks, such as fault localization (FL). Success in FL depends on a models ability to reason about program semantics beyond surface-level…

The rising popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) has motivated exploring their use in code-related tasks. Code LLMs with more than millions of parameters are trained on a massive amount of code in different Programming Languages (PLs).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Ali Reza Ibrahimzada

Amidst the rapid advances of large language models (LLMs), most LLMs still struggle with mixed-language inputs, limited Codeswitching (CSW) datasets, and evaluation biases, which hinder their deployment in multilingual societies. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rajvee Sheth , Samridhi Raj Sinha , Mahavir Patil , Himanshu Beniwal , Mayank Singh

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Large language models (LLMs) are used in software development to assist in various tasks, e.g., code generation and code completion, but empirical evaluations of the quality of the results produced by these models focus on correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Lola Solovyeva , Sophie Weidmann , Fernando Castor

Code large language models (Code LLMs) are powerful but costly to train, with scaling laws predicting performance from model size, data, and compute. However, different programming languages (PLs) have varying impacts during pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jian Yang , Shawn Guo , Lin Jing , Wei Zhang , Aishan Liu , Chuan Hao , Zhoujun Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Xianglong Liu , Weifeng Lv , Bryan Dai

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in coding tasks, drawing increasing attention to the evaluation of the quality and safety of LLMs' outputs. However, research on bias in code generation remains limited. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yongkang Du , Jen-tse Huang , Jieyu Zhao , Lu Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Sravani Gunnu , Shanmukha Guttula , Hima Patel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code completion. However, the training data used to develop these models often contain a significant amount of buggy code. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Liwei Guo , Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Xiang Chen , Yuxia Zhang , Bo Wang , Jie M. Zhang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu