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Automatic hate speech detection using deep neural models is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasets, leading to poor generalization. To mitigate this problem, generative AI has been utilized to generate large amounts of synthetic hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Sagi Pendzel , Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Counter-speech generation is at the core of many expert activities, such as fact-checking and hate speech, to counter harmful content. Yet, existing work treats counter-speech generation as pure text generation task, mainly based on Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Greta Damo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

In recent years, counterspeech has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to fight online hate. These non-escalatory responses tackle online abuse while preserving the freedom of speech of the users, and can have a tangible impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Helena Bonaldi , Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Marco Guerini

Generative AI, including large language models (LLMs) have the potential -- and already are being used -- to increase the speed, scale, and types of unsafe conversations online. LLMs lower the barrier for entry for bad actors to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Owen Hoffman , Kangze Peng , Zehua You , Sajid Kamal , Sukrit Venkatagiri

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important for machine learning applications. However, it can be challenging to align LLMs with our intent, particularly when we want to generate content that is preferable over others…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xiang Gao , Kamalika Das

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability for text generation. However, achieving optimal results with a given prompt or instruction can be challenging, especially for billion-sized models. Additionally, undesired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lifu Tu , Semih Yavuz , Jin Qu , Jiacheng Xu , Rui Meng , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) play a key role in generating evidence-based and stylistic counter-arguments, yet their effectiveness in real-world applications has been underexplored. Previous research often neglects the balance between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Preetika Verma , Kokil Jaidka , Svetlana Churina

Hateful rhetoric is plaguing online discourse, fostering extreme societal movements and possibly giving rise to real-world violence. A potential solution to this growing global problem is citizen-generated counter speech where citizens…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Joshua Garland , Keyan Ghazi-Zahedi , Jean-Gabriel Young , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Mirta Galesic

Automated counter-narratives (CN) offer a promising strategy for mitigating online hate speech, yet concerns about their affective tone, accessibility, and ethical risks remain. We propose a framework for evaluating Large Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mikel K. Ngueajio , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Yi-Ling Chung , Danda B. Rawat , Amanda Cercas Curry

The generation of toxic content by large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for the safe deployment of language technology. We propose a novel framework for implicit knowledge editing and controlled text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Hate speech is a harmful form of online expression, often manifesting as derogatory posts. It is a significant risk in digital environments. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is concern about their potential to replicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

The development and popularization of large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns that they will be used to create tailor-made, convincing arguments to push false or misleading narratives online. Early work has found that language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Francesco Salvi , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Riccardo Gallotti , Robert West

The potential effectiveness of counterspeech as a hate speech mitigation strategy is attracting increasing interest in the NLG research community, particularly towards the task of automatically producing it. However, automatically generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Helena Bonaldi , Greta Damo , Nicolás Benjamín Ocampo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata , Marco Guerini

Counterspeech, i.e., responses to counteract potential harms of hateful speech, has become an increasingly popular solution to address online hate speech without censorship. However, properly countering hateful language requires countering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jimin Mun , Emily Allaway , Akhila Yerukola , Laura Vianna , Sarah-Jane Leslie , Maarten Sap

The automatic generation of counter-speech (CS) is a critical strategy for addressing hate speech by providing constructive and informed responses. However, existing methods often fail to generate high-quality, impactful, and scalable CS,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Sahil Wadhwa , Chengtian Xu , Haoming Chen , Aakash Mahalingam , Akankshya Kar , Divya Chaudhary

We are exposed to much information trying to influence us, such as teaser messages, debates, politically framed news, and propaganda - all of which use persuasive language. With the recent interest in Large Language Models (LLMs), we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

Natural language counterfactual generation aims to minimally modify a given text such that the modified text will be classified into a different class. The generated counterfactuals provide insight into the reasoning behind a model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yongjie Wang , Xiaoqi Qiu , Yu Yue , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Yuhong Feng , Zhiqi Shen

Countering online hate speech is a critical yet challenging task, but one which can be aided by the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the development of NLP methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jing Qian , Anna Bethke , Yinyin Liu , Elizabeth Belding , William Yang Wang