Related papers: Conserved photon current
We consider the equilibrium thermal state of photons and determine the mean number and number variance of squeezed coherent photons. We use an integral representation for electro-magnetic radiation applicable both to systems in equilibrium…
Time-dependent current of the electrons excited in the conduction band after ultrafast interband photogeneration is studied theoretically. The transient photocurrent is calculated for the nonlinear regime of response to a stationary…
A general procedure for constructing conserved electromagnetic current operators, for both finite and infinite degree of freedom systems, is given. A four-momentum operator consisting of matter, photon, and electromagnetic interactions is…
The traditional interpretation of radiative emission and absorption asserts that photons are created and annihilated in such processes. A Gedanken experiment is considered in which kinetic energy from observed photons is systematically…
In this work, a constant and uniform magnetic field is less than the Schwinger critical value. In turn, an additional constant and uniform electric field is taken much smaller than the magnetic field value. The propagation of a photon in…
Two new simple schemes for generating macroscopic (many-photon) continuous-variable entangled states by means of continuous interactions (rather than collisions) between solitons in optical fibers are proposed. First, quantum fluctuations…
We present a microscopic theory of a photon drag effect that appears in a Bose-Einstein condensate of neutral particles, considering indirect excitons in a double quantum well nanostructure under the action of a circularly polarized…
Two photons can simultaneously share entanglement between several degrees of freedom such as polarization, energy-time, spatial mode and orbital angular momentum. This resource is known as hyperentanglement, and it has been shown to be an…
The steady current induced by electromagnetic field in a 2D system with asymmetric scatterers is studied. The scatterers are assumed to be oriented cuts with one diffusive and another specular sides. Besides, the existence of isotropic…
A wavefunction for single- and many-photon states is defined by associating photons with different momenta to different spectral and polarization components of the classical, generally complex, electromagnetic field that propagates in a…
The photon magnetic moment for radiation propagating in magnetized vacuum is defined as a pseudo-tensor quantity, proportional to the external electromagnetic field tensor. After expanding the eigenvalues of the polarization operator in…
Persistent currents and magnetization are considered for a two-dimensional electron (or gas of electrons) coupled to various magnetic fields. Thermodynamic formulae for the magnetization and the persistent current are established and the…
The technologies of heating, photovoltaics, water photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis depend on the absorption of light and novel approaches such as coherent absorption from a standing wave promise total dissipation of energy.…
A photon source is located in a rotating waveguide. An absorber with a sharp absorbing frequency absorbs some of the emitted photons. This decreases the number of photons which are detected by a detector. The frequency (energy) spectrum…
The carrier or medium of electromagnetic waves has been vainly searched for many years, and now it has been caught after the establishment of the dynamic equations in photon gas. The photon's rest mass has been estimated from the cosmic…
Atomic emitter ensembles couple collectively to the radiation field. Although an excitation on a single emitter may be short-lived, a collection of them can contain a photon several orders of magnitude longer than the single emitter…
It had been a long standing problem that there is no consistent definition of photon position operator nor photon number density in the context of quantum theory. In this paper we derive the photon detection operator, which defines location…
Photons can gravitationally scatter off a cosmic string loop and gain or lose energy. We consider the spectral distortion induced by cosmic string loops placed in an ambient thermal bath of photons. The fractional deviation from a thermal…
The scattering matrix approach to phase-coherent transport is generalized to nonlinear ac-transport. In photon-assisted electron transport it is often only the dc-component of the current that is of experimental interest. But ac-currents at…
The electron current tensor for the scattering of heavy photon on longitudinally polarized electron accompanied with two hard real photonsis considered. The contribution of collinear and semicollinear kinematics is computed. The obtained…