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Safe planning of an autonomous agent in interactive environments -- such as the control of a self-driving vehicle among pedestrians -- poses a major challenge as the behavior of the environment is unknown and reactive to the behavior of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Omid Mirzaeedodangeh , Eliot Shekhtman , Nikolai Matni , Lars Lindemann

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is the method that attempts to estimate the performance of decision making policies using historical data generated by different policies without conducting costly online A/B tests. Accurate OPE is essential in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Yuta Saito , Takuma Udagawa , Kei Tateno

We present Coordinated Proximal Policy Optimization (CoPPO), an algorithm that extends the original Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to the multi-agent setting. The key idea lies in the coordinated adaptation of step size during the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Zifan Wu , Chao Yu , Deheng Ye , Junge Zhang , Haiyin Piao , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

We revisit the domain of off-policy policy optimization in RL from the perspective of coordinate ascent. One commonly-used approach is to leverage the off-policy policy gradient to optimize a surrogate objective -- the total discounted in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hsin-En Su , Yen-Ju Chen , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Xi Liu

Developing accurate off-policy estimators is crucial for both evaluating and optimizing for new policies. The main challenge in off-policy estimation is the distribution shift between the logging policy that generates data and the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Noveen Sachdeva , Lequn Wang , Dawen Liang , Nathan Kallus , Julian McAuley

Cooperative multi-agent systems require robust mechanisms for credit assignment under uncertainty. Here we introduce a variational framework, termed the Game-Theoretic Free Energy Principle (GT-FEP), that models coalition formation through…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Djamel Bouchaffra , Faycal Ykhlef , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag

Data-driven approaches to predict-then-optimize decision-making problems seek to mitigate the risk of uncertainty region misspecification in safety-critical settings. Current approaches, however, suffer from considering overly conservative…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Yash Patel , Sahana Rayan , Ambuj Tewari

Despite the recent successes of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, efficiently adapting to co-players in mixed-motive environments remains a significant challenge. One feasible approach is to hierarchically model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yizhe Huang , Anji Liu , Fanqi Kong , Yaodong Yang , Song-Chun Zhu , Xue Feng

Off-policy estimation (OPE) methods enable unbiased offline evaluation of recommender systems, directly estimating the online reward some target policy would have obtained, from offline data and with statistical guarantees. The theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-12 Olivier Jeunen

Self-adaptive software systems continuously adapt in response to internal and external changes in their execution environment, captured as contexts. The COP paradigm posits a technique for the development of self-adaptive systems, capturing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Nicolás Cardozo , Ivana Dusparic

In this paper, we investigate learning temporal abstractions in cooperative multi-agent systems, using the options framework (Sutton et al, 1999). First, we address the planning problem for the decentralized POMDP represented by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Jhelum Chakravorty , Nadeem Ward , Julien Roy , Maxime Chevalier-Boisvert , Sumana Basu , Andrei Lupu , Doina Precup

Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is to evaluate a target policy with data generated by other policies. Most previous OPE methods focus on precisely estimating the true performance of a policy. We observe that in many applications, (1) the end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yue Jin , Yue Zhang , Tao Qin , Xudong Zhang , Jian Yuan , Houqiang Li , Tie-Yan Liu

Conformal prediction is an uncertainty quantification method that constructs a prediction set for a previously unseen datum, ensuring the true label is included with a predetermined coverage probability. Adaptive conformal prediction has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Erfan Hajihashemi , Yanning Shen

When multi-agent systems (MAS) fail, identifying where the decisive error occurred is the first step for automated recovery to an earlier state. Error attribution remains a fundamental challenge due to the long interaction traces that large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Naihe Feng , Yi Sui , Shiyi Hou , Ga Wu , Jesse C. Cresswell

In this paper, the optimal consensus problem for general nonlinear multi-agent systems is studied, where both leaderless and leader-follower cases are considered in a unified framework. The key idea is to convert consensus problems into…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Ziyuan Guo , Chuanzhi lv , Liping Zhang , Huanshui Zhang

Machine Learning systems are increasingly deployed in decision-making settings that shape user behavior and, in turn, the data on which future decisions are based. Performative Prediction (PP) formalizes this feedback loop by modeling how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Javier Sanguino Bautiste , Thomas Kehrenberg , Jose A. Lozano , Novi Quadrianto

This paper focuses on the optimal coverage problem (OCP) for multi-agent systems with a decentralized optimization mechanism. A game based distributed decision-making method for the multi-agent OCP is proposed to address the high…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Zixin Feng , Wenchao Xue , Yifen Mu , Ming Wei , Bin Meng , Wei Cui

Online conformal prediction has demonstrated its capability to construct a prediction set for each incoming data point that covers the true label with a predetermined probability. To cope with potential distribution shift, multi-model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Erfan Hajihashemi , Yanning Shen

Autonomous systems operate in environments that may change over time. An example is the control of a self-driving vehicle among pedestrians and human-controlled vehicles whose behavior may change based on factors such as traffic density,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Kaizer Rahaman , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Ashish R. Hota , Lars Lindemann

Co-optimizing safety and performance in large-scale multi-agent systems remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), safety filtering, or Model Predictive Control (MPC) either lack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Manan Tayal , Aditya Singh , Shishir Kolathaya , Somil Bansal