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Related papers: Towards Explainability in Legal Outcome Prediction…

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Neural models command state-of-the-art performance across NLP tasks, including ones involving "reasoning". Models claiming to reason about the evidence presented to them should attend to the correct parts of the input avoiding spurious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Vivek Gupta , Riyaz A. Bhat , Atreya Ghosal , Manish Shrivastava , Maneesh Singh , Vivek Srikumar

To predict what someone will say is to model how they think. We study this through next-turn dialogue prediction: given a conversation, predict the next utterance produced by a person. We compare learning approaches along two dimensions:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Kanishk Gandhi , Agam Bhatia , Noah D. Goodman

Court judgments reveal how legal rules have been interpreted and applied to facts, providing a foundation for understanding structured legal reasoning. However, existing automated approaches for capturing legal reasoning, including large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ryoma Kondo , Riona Matsuoka , Takahiro Yoshida , Kazuyuki Yamasawa , Ryohei Hisano

Linear approximations to the decision boundary of a complex model have become one of the most popular tools for interpreting predictions. In this paper, we study such linear explanations produced either post-hoc by a few recent methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Maruan Al-Shedivat , Avinava Dubey , Eric P. Xing

Although deep models achieve high predictive performance, it is difficult for humans to understand the predictions they made. Explainability is important for real-world applications to justify their reliability. Many example-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-08 Tomoharu Iwata , Yuya Yoshikawa

Factors are a foundational component of legal analysis and computational models of legal reasoning. These factor-based representations enable lawyers, judges, and AI and Law researchers to reason about legal cases. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Morgan Gray , Jaromir Savelka , Wesley Oliver , Kevin Ashley

This paper brings together two lines of research: factor-based models of case-based reasoning (CBR) and the logical specification of classifiers. Logical approaches to classifiers capture the connection between features and outcomes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Xinghan Liu , Emiliano Lorini , Antonino Rotolo , Giovanni Sartor

The Predict-Then-Optimize framework uses machine learning models to predict unknown parameters of an optimization problem from exogenous features before solving. This setting is common to many real-world decision processes, and recently it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 James Kotary , Vincenzo Di Vito , Jacob Cristopher , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Ferdinando Fioretto

Statistical modeling is a powerful tool for developing and testing theories by way of causal explanation, prediction, and description. In many disciplines there is near-exclusive use of statistical modeling for causal explanation and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-01-06 Galit Shmueli

Decisions in organizations are about evaluating alternatives and choosing the one that would best serve organizational goals. To the extent that the evaluation of alternatives could be formulated as a predictive task with appropriate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Charles Wan , Rodrigo Belo , Leid Zejnilović

The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Bingfeng Luo , Yansong Feng , Jianbo Xu , Xiang Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

The research field of Legal Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been very active recently, with Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) becoming one of the most extensively studied tasks. To date, most publicly released LJP datasets originate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Gil Semo , Dor Bernsohn , Ben Hagag , Gila Hayat , Joel Niklaus

The emergence of large-scale pretrained language models has posed unprecedented challenges in deriving explanations of why the model has made some predictions. Stemmed from the compositional nature of languages, spurious correlations have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ruochen Zhao , Shafiq Joty , Yongjie Wang , Tan Wang

We propose a fair machine learning algorithm to model interpretable differences between observed and desired human decision-making, with the latter aimed at reducing disparity in a downstream outcome impacted by the human decision. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pavan Ravishankar , Rushabh Shah , Daniel B. Neill

When people interpret text, they rely on inferences that go beyond the observed language itself. Inspired by this observation, we introduce a method for the analysis of text that takes implicitly communicated content explicitly into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Alexander Hoyle , Rupak Sarkar , Pranav Goel , Philip Resnik

When predictive models are used to support complex and important decisions, the ability to explain a model's reasoning can increase trust, expose hidden biases, and reduce vulnerability to adversarial attacks. However, attempts at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Dimitris Bertsimas , Arthur Delarue , Patrick Jaillet , Sebastien Martin

We define and study the problem of predicting the solution to a linear program (LP) given only partial information about its objective and constraints. This generalizes the problem of learning to predict the purchasing behavior of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Shahin Jabbari , Ryan Rogers , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Interpretable rationales for model predictions are crucial in practical applications. We develop neural models that possess an interpretable inference process for dependency parsing. Our models adopt instance-based inference, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hiroki Ouchi , Jun Suzuki , Sosuke Kobayashi , Sho Yokoi , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Masashi Yoshikawa , Kentaro Inui

State-of-the-art models in NLP are now predominantly based on deep neural networks that are opaque in terms of how they come to make predictions. This limitation has increased interest in designing more interpretable deep models for NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Jay DeYoung , Sarthak Jain , Nazneen Fatema Rajani , Eric Lehman , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher , Byron C. Wallace

Recent papers have introduced a novel approach to explain why a Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) model for outcome-oriented predictions provides wrong predictions. Moreover, they have shown how to exploit the explanations, obtained using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Williams Rizzi , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Fabrizio Maria Maggi