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This tutorial covers the use of absolute astrometry, in particular from the combination of the Hipparcos and Gaia missions, to identify faint companions to nearby stars and to measure the masses and orbits of those companions. Absolute…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-18 Timothy D. Brandt

Direct imaging searches for exoplanets around stars detect many spurious candidates that are in fact background field stars. To help distinguish these from genuine companions, multi-epoch astrometry can be used to identify a common proper…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-11 Philipp Herz , Matthias Samland , Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones

In astrometric binaries, the presence of a dark, unseen star can be inferred from the gravitational pull it induces on its luminous binary companion. While the orbit of such binaries can be characterized with precise astrometric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-04 Jeff J. Andrews , Katelyn Breivik , Sourav Chatterjee

The ESA global astrometry space mission Gaia has been monitoring the position of a billion stars since 2014. The analysis of such a massive dataset is challenging in terms of the data processing involved. In particular, the blind detection…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 J. -B. Delisle , D. Ségransan

The eccentricity of a sub-stellar companion is an important tracer of its formation history. Directly imaged companions often present poorly constrained eccentricities. A recently developed prior framework for orbit fitting called…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-20 Clarissa R. Do Ó , Kelly K. O'Neil , Quinn M. Konopacky , Tuan Do , Gregory D. Martinez , Jean-Baptiste Ruffio , Andrea M. Ghez

Context. Thanks to more than 20 years of monitoring, the radial velocity (RV) method has detected long-period companions (P > 10yr) around several dozens of stars. Yet, the true nature of these companions remains unclear because of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 F. Philipot , A. -M. Lagrange , P. Rubini , F. Kiefer , A. Chomez

We present the first statistical analysis of exoplanet direct imaging surveys combining adaptive optics imaging at small separations with deep seeing-limited observations at large separations allowing us to study the entire orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Frédérique Baron , David Lafrenière , Étienne Artigau , Jonathan Gagné , Julien Rameau , Philippe Delorme , Marie-Eve Naud

The analysis of the CoRoT space mission data was performed aiming to test a method that selects, among the several light curves observed, the transiting systems that likely host a low-mass star orbiting the main target. The method…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-01 Ronaldo Da Silva , Adriana Silva-Valio

Aims. This work aims at constraining the masses and separations of potential substellar companions to five accelerating stars (HIP 1481, HIP 88399, HIP 96334, HIP 30314 and HIP 116063) using multiple data sets acquired with different…

Aims. With an observing time span of more than 20 years, the CORALIE radial-velocity survey is able to detect long-term trends in data corresponding to companions with masses and separations accessible to direct imaging. Combining exoplanet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-26 E. L. Rickman , E. Matthews , W. Ceva , D. Ségransan , G. M. Brandt , H. Zhang , T. D. Brandt , T. Forveille , J. Hagelberg , S. Udry

The presence of another planetary companion in a transiting exoplanet system can impact its transit light curve, leading to sinusoidal transit timing variations (TTV). By utilizing both $\chi^2$ and RMS analysis, we have combined the TESS…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-07 Zixin Zhang , Wenqin Wang , Xinyue Ma , Zhangliang Chen , Yonghao Wang , Cong Yu , Shangfei Liu , Yang Gao , Baitian Tang , Bo Ma

Long-period companions are detected and characterized thanks to long-baseline radial velocity surveys. Combining Doppler time-series with astrometry, and in particular with proper motion anomalies technique, it is possible to put strong…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 G. Piccinini , A. Petralia , A. Sozzetti , S. Benatti , D. Gandolfi , G. Micela

Over the course of several years, stars trace helical trajectories as they traverse across the sky due to the combined effects of proper motion and parallax. It is well known that the gravitational pull of an unseen companion can cause…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 Jeff J. Andrews , Katelyn Breivik , Chirag Chawla , Carl Rodriguez , Sourav Chatterjee

The majority of extrasolar planets discovered to date have significantly eccentric orbits, some if not all of which may have been produced through planetary migration. During this process, any planets interior to such an orbit would…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-11 Gareth F. Kennedy , Rosemary A. Mardling

Nearby stars offer prime opportunities for exoplanet discovery and characterization through various detection methods. By combining HCI, RV, and astrometry, it is possible to better constrain the presence of substellar companions, as each…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-04 L. F. Sartori , M. J. Bonse , Y. Li , F. A. Dannert , S. P. Quanz , A. Boehle

We discuss a method to determine orbital properties and masses of low-mass bodies orbiting eclipsing binaries. The analysis combines long-term eclipse timing modulations (light-travel time or LTT effect) with short-term, high-accuracy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Ignasi Ribas , Frederic Arenou , Edward F. Guinan

We present a novel method to determine eccentricity constraints of extrasolar planets in systems with multiple transiting planets through photometry alone. Our method is highly model independent, making no assumptions about the stellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 David M. Kipping , William R. Dunn , Jamie M. Jasinski , Varun P. Manthri

The sensitivity of radial velocity (RV) surveys for exoplanet detection are extending to increasingly long orbital periods, where companions with periods of several years are now being regularly discovered. Companions with orbital periods…

Exoplanets which are detected using the radial velocity technique have a well-known ambiguity of their true mass, caused by the unknown inclination of the planetary orbit with respect to the plane of the sky. Constraints on the inclination…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-16 Stephen R. Kane , Dawn M. Gelino

To address the the problem of calibration of instrument systematics in transit light curves, we present the Python package ExoTiC-ISM. Transit spectroscopy can reveal many different chemical components in exoplanet atmospheres, but such…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-16 Iva Laginja , Hannah R. Wakeford
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