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Semantic matching is of central importance to many natural language tasks \cite{bordes2014semantic,RetrievalQA}. A successful matching algorithm needs to adequately model the internal structures of language objects and the interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Baotian Hu , Zhengdong Lu , Hang Li , Qingcai Chen

We propose a method to create document representations that reflect their internal structure. We modify Tree-LSTMs to hierarchically merge basic elements such as words and sentences into blocks of increasing complexity. Our Structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Khalil Mrini , Claudiu Musat , Michael Baeriswyl , Martin Jaggi

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to possess impressive capabilities in a variety of domains and tasks. We investigate the issue of prompt design in the multi-turn text-to-SQL task and attempt to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hanchong Zhang , Ruisheng Cao , Hongshen Xu , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can translate natural language into SQL, but small models struggle with multi-table and complex queries in Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) settings. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) helps, it falls short for harder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Simone Papicchio , Simone Rossi , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Papotti

Measuring what linguistic information is encoded in neural models of language has become popular in NLP. Researchers approach this enterprise by training "probes" - supervised models designed to extract linguistic structure from another…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Rowan Hall Maudslay , Josef Valvoda , Tiago Pimentel , Adina Williams , Ryan Cotterell

The task of abductive natural language inference (\alpha{}nli), to decide which hypothesis is the more likely explanation for a set of observations, is a particularly difficult type of NLI. Instead of just determining a causal relationship,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Emīls Kadiķis , Vaibhav Srivastav , Roman Klinger

Text-to-SQL, the process of translating natural language into Structured Query Language (SQL), represents a transformative application of large language models (LLMs), potentially revolutionizing how humans interact with data. This paper…

Recognizing visual entities in a natural language sentence and arranging them in a 2D spatial layout require a compositional understanding of language and space. This task of layout prediction is valuable in text-to-image synthesis as it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Wolf Nuyts , Ruben Cartuyvels , Marie-Francine Moens

Despite strong performance on Text-to-SQL benchmarks, it remains unclear whether LLM-generated SQL programs are structurally reliable. In this work, we investigate the structural behavior of LLM-generated SQL queries and introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yixi Zhou , Fan Zhang , Zhiqiao Guo , Yu Chen , Haipeng Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Zhuohan Xie

Semantic textual similarity is the task of estimating the similarity between the meaning of two texts. In this paper, we fine-tune transformer architectures for semantic textual similarity on the Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ivan Rep , Vladimir Čeperić

This paper investigates contextual word representation models from the lens of similarity analysis. Given a collection of trained models, we measure the similarity of their internal representations and attention. Critically, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 John M. Wu , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

With the future striving toward data-centric decision-making, seamless access to databases is of utmost importance. There is extensive research on creating an efficient text-to-sql (TEXT2SQL) model to access data from the database. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Ayush Kumar , Parth Nagarkar , Prabhav Nalhe , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

There is extensive interest in metric learning methods for image retrieval. Many metric learning loss functions focus on learning a correct ranking of training samples, but strongly overfit semantically inconsistent labels and require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Christopher Liao , Theodoros Tsiligkaridis , Brian Kulis

Modern speaker verification systems primarily rely on speaker embeddings, followed by verification based on cosine similarity between the embedding vectors of the enrollment and test utterances. While effective, these methods struggle with…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Wan Lin , Junhui Chen , Tianhao Wang , Zhenyu Zhou , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

Large-scale semantic parsing datasets annotated with logical forms have enabled major advances in supervised approaches. But can richer supervision help even more? To explore the utility of fine-grained, lexical-level supervision, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tianze Shi , Chen Zhao , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Hal Daumé , Lillian Lee

There are several issues with the existing general machine translation or natural language generation evaluation metrics, and question-answering (QA) systems are indifferent in that context. To build robust QA systems, we need the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Farida Mustafazade , Peter F. Ebbinghaus

To accelerate software development, developers frequently search and reuse existing code snippets from a large-scale codebase, e.g., GitHub. Over the years, researchers proposed many information retrieval based models for code search, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Chao Liu , Xin Xia , David Lo , Zhiwei Liu , Ahmed E. Hassan , Shanping Li

Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using pre-trained language models for legal case retrieval. Most of the existing works focus on improving the representation ability for the contextualized embedding of the [CLS] token and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Haitao Li , Qingyao Ai , Xinyan Han , Jia Chen , Qian Dong , Yiqun Liu , Chong Chen , Qi Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly exhibit strong reasoning abilities, often attributed to their capacity to generate chain-of-thought-style intermediate reasoning. Recent work suggests that exposure to code can further enhance these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lukas Twist , Shu Yang , Hanqi Yan , Jingzhi Gong , Di Wang , Helen Yannakoudakis , Jie M. Zhang

Language models have shown promising performance on the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). However, most of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches rely on powerful yet closed-source large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Haoyang Li , Jing Zhang , Hanbing Liu , Ju Fan , Xiaokang Zhang , Jun Zhu , Renjie Wei , Hongyan Pan , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen