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Related papers: Log-rank test with coarsened exact matching

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We consider the problem of testing the equality of conditional distributions of a response variable given a vector of covariates between two populations. Such a hypothesis testing problem can be motivated from various machine learning and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-24 Xiaoyu Hu , Jing Lei

Weighted logrank tests are a popular tool for analyzing right censored survival data from two independent samples. Each of these tests is optimal against a certain hazard alternative, for example the classical logrank test for proportional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Marc Ditzhaus , Sarah Friedrich

In observational studies, researchers must select a method to control for confounding. Options include propensity score methods and regression. It remains unclear how dataset characteristics (size, overlap in propensity scores, exposure…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-21 J. Wilkinson , M. A. Mamas , E. Kontopantelis

Conformance checking techniques allow us to evaluate how well some exhibited behaviour, represented by a trace of monitored events, conforms to a specified process model. Modern monitoring and activity recognition technologies, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jiawei Zheng , Petros Papapanagiotou , Jacques D. Fleuriot

This paper presents a unified rank-based inferential procedure for fitting the accelerated failure time model to partially interval-censored data. A Gehan-type monotone estimating function is constructed based on the idea of the familiar…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Taehwa Choi , Sangbum Choi , Dipankar Bandyopadhyay

A common feature of many recent trials evaluating the effects of immunotherapy on survival is that non-proportional hazards can be anticipated at the design stage. This raises the possibility to use a statistical method tailored towards…

Applications · Statistics 2021-08-27 Dominic Magirr , José L. Jiménez

We propose a restricted win probability estimand for comparing treatments in a randomized trial with a time-to-event outcome. We also propose Bayesian estimators for this summary measure as well as the unrestricted win probability. Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-06 Michelle Leeberg , Xianghua Luo , Thomas A. Murray

The classical approach to analyze time-to-event data, e.g. in clinical trials, is to fit Kaplan-Meier curves yielding the treatment effect as the hazard ratio between treatment groups. Afterwards commonly a log-rank test is performed in…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-16 Kathrin Möllenhoff , Achim Tresch

The conventional nonparametric tests in survival analysis, such as the log-rank test, assess the null hypothesis that the hazards are equal at all times. However, hazards are hard to interpret causally, and other null hypotheses are more…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-29 Mats Julius Stensrud , Kjetil Røysland , Pål Christie Ryalen

Logistic regression is widely used to model the propensity score in the analysis of nonignorable missing data. However, goodness-of-fit testing for this propensity score model has received limited attention in the literature. In this paper,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Manli Cheng , Yangjianchen Xu , Qinglong Tian , Pengfei Li

Given an event log as a collection of recorded real-world process traces, process mining aims to automatically construct a process model that is both simple and provides a useful explanation of the traces. Conformance checking techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Artem Polyvyanyy , Alistair Moffat , Luciano García-Bañuelos

Covariate-adaptive randomization is popular in clinical trials with sequentially arrived patients for balancing treatment assignments across prognostic factors which may have influence on the response. However, existing theory on tests for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Ting Ye , Jun Shao

The propensity score analysis is one of the most widely used methods for studying the causal treatment effect in observational studies. This paper studies treatment effect estimation with the method of matching weights. This method…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-05-17 Liang Li

Covariate balance is crucial for unconfounded descriptive or causal comparisons. However, lack of balance is common in observational studies. This article considers weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We define a general class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-30 Fan Li , Kari Lock Morgan , Alan M. Zaslavsky

Covariate balance is crucial for unconfounded descriptive or causal comparisons. However, lack of balance is common in observational studies. This article considers weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We define a general class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-17 Fan Li , Kari Lock Morgan , Alan M. Zaslavsky

Covariate adjustment can improve precision in analyzing randomized experiments. With fully observed data, regression adjustment and propensity score weighting are asymptotically equivalent in improving efficiency over unadjusted analysis.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-06 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding , Fan Li

One of the most common ways researchers compare survival outcomes across treatments when confounding is present is using Cox regression. This model is limited by its underlying assumption of proportional hazards; in some cases, substantial…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-02 Elizabeth A. Handorf , Marc Smaldone , Sujana Movva , Nandita Mitra

Background: Subgroup analyses are frequently conducted in randomized clinical trials to assess evidence of heterogeneous treatment effect across patient subpopulations. Although randomization balances covariates within subgroups in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-27 Siyun Yang , Fan Li , Laine E. Thomas , Fan Li

In this paper we propose a class of weighted rank correlation coefficients extending the Spearman's rho. The proposed class constructed by giving suitable weights to the distance between two sets of ranks to place more emphasis on items…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-22 M. Sanatgar , A. Dolati , M. Amini

Time-to-event endpoints show an increasing popularity in phase II cancer trials. The standard statistical tool for such one-armed survival trials is the one-sample log-rank test. Its distributional properties are commonly derived in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-02 Moritz Fabian Danzer , Andreas Faldum , Rene Schmidt