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Content watermarking is an important tool for the authentication and copyright protection of digital media. However, it is unclear whether existing watermarks are robust against adversarial attacks. We present the winning solution to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Fahad Shamshad , Tameem Bakr , Yahia Shaaban , Noor Hussein , Karthik Nandakumar , Nils Lukas

The performance of object detection, to a great extent, depends on the availability of large annotated datasets. To alleviate the annotation cost, the research community has explored a number of ways to exploit unlabeled or weakly labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Shijie Fang , Yuhang Cao , Xinjiang Wang , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin , Wayne Zhang

As diffusion models (DMs) enable photorealistic image generation at unprecedented scale, watermarking techniques have become essential for provenance establishment and accountability. Existing methods face challenges: sampling-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Van-Tuan Tran , Thuc D. Nguyen , Nhien-An Le-Khac

The ability to embed watermarks in images is a fundamental problem of interest for computer vision, and is exacerbated by the rapid rise of generated imagery in recent times. Current state-of-the-art techniques suffer from computational and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Vinay Shukla , Prachee Sharma , Ryan Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Aditya Grover

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Deep learning based blind watermarking works have gradually emerged and achieved impressive performance. However, previous deep watermarking studies mainly focus on fixed low-resolution images while paying less attention to arbitrary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hengchang Guo , Qilong Zhang , Junwei Luo , Feng Guo , Wenbin Zhang , Xiaodong Su , Minglei Li

In recent years, tremendous success has been witnessed in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), widely used to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in domain-specific, knowledge-intensive, and privacy-sensitive tasks. However, attackers may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Peizhuo Lv , Mengjie Sun , Hao Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Shengzhi Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Kai Chen , Limin Sun

Digital watermarking is widely used for copyright protection. Traditional 3D watermarking approaches or commercial software are typically designed to embed messages into 3D meshes, and later retrieve the messages directly from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Innfarn Yoo , Huiwen Chang , Xiyang Luo , Ondrej Stava , Ce Liu , Peyman Milanfar , Feng Yang

Constructing and curating high-quality code datasets requires significant resources, making them valuable intellectual property. Unfortunately, these datasets currently face severe risks of unauthorized use. Although digital watermarking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haocheng Huang , Yuchen Chen , Weisong Sun , Peizhuo Lv , Yuan Xiao , Chunrong Fang , Yang Liu , Xiaofang Zhang

AI-generated medical images are gaining growing popularity due to their potential to address the data scarcity challenge in the real world. However, the issue of accurate identification of these synthetic images, particularly when they…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-22 Xiaodan Xing , Huiyu Zhou , Yingying Fang , Guang Yang

Multi-bit watermarking (MW) has been designed to enhance resistance against watermarking attacks, such as signal processing operations and geometric distortions. Various benchmark tools exist to assess this robustness through simulated…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Seung-Hun Nam , Jihyeon Kang , Daesik Kim , Namhyuk Ahn , Wonhyuk Ahn

As large language models (LLM) are increasingly used for text generation tasks, it is critical to audit their usages, govern their applications, and mitigate their potential harms. Existing watermark techniques are shown effective in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Chaoyi Zhu , Jeroen Galjaard , Pin-Yu Chen , Lydia Y. Chen

Watermarking techniques have been proposed during the last 10 years as an approach to trace network flows for intrusion detection purposes. These techniques aim to impress a hidden signature on a traffic flow. A central property of network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Alfonso Iacovazzi , Sanat Sarda , Daniel Frassinelli , Yuval Elovici

Flow watermarks efficiently link packet flows in a network in order to thwart various attacks such as stepping stones. We study the problem of designing good flow watermarks. Earlier flow watermarking schemes mostly considered substitution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-17 Xun Gong , Mavis Rodrigues , Negar Kiyavash

Watermarking of deep neural networks (DNN) can enable their tracing once released by a data owner. In this paper, we generalize white-box watermarking algorithms for DNNs, where the data owner needs white-box access to the model to extract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Tianhao Wang , Florian Kerschbaum

We present a robust neural watermarking framework for scientific data integrity, targeting high-dimensional fields common in climate modeling and fluid simulations. Using a convolutional autoencoder, binary messages are invisibly embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Krti Tallam

Safeguarding the intellectual property of machine learning models has emerged as a pressing concern in AI security. Model watermarking is a powerful technique for protecting ownership of machine learning models, yet its reliability has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Aoting Hu , Yanzhi Chen , Renjie Xie , Adrian Weller

In recent years as the internet age continues to grow, sharing images on social media has become a common occurrence. In certain cases, watermarks are used as protection for the ownership of the image, however, in more cases, one may wish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Rongfeng Wei

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

Latent-based watermarks, integrated into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs), simplify detection and attribution of generated images. However, recent black-box forgery attacks, where an attacker needs at least one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xin Zhang , Zijin Yang , Kejiang Chen , Linfeng Ma , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu