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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

COBOL remains a critical language for mainframe systems, yet existing large language models (LLMs) struggle to generate and translate COBOL code correctly. This paper reports our experience in developing and evaluating domain-adapted LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anh T. V. Dau , Shin Hwei Tan , Jinqiu Yang , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Anh Tuan Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed code generation. However, most existing approaches focus on mainstream languages such as Python and Java, neglecting the Solidity language, the predominant programming language for Ethereum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhiyuan Peng , Xin Yin , Rui Qian , Peiqin Lin , Yongkang Liu , Hao Zhang , Chenhao Ying , Yuan Luo

Code search is a task to find programming codes that semantically match the given natural language queries. Even though some of the existing datasets for this task are multilingual on the programming language side, their query data are only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Ryo Sekizawa , Nan Duan , Shuai Lu , Hitomi Yanaka

Software engineering activities such as package migration, fixing errors reports from static analysis or testing, and adding type annotations or other specifications to a codebase, involve pervasively editing the entire repository of code.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities and become the foundation of language technologies. Inspired by the great success of code data in training LLMs, we naturally wonder at which training stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yingwei Ma , Yue Liu , Yue Yu , Yuanliang Zhang , Yu Jiang , Changjian Wang , Shanshan Li

Multilingual programming, which involves using multiple programming languages (PLs) in a single project, is increasingly common due to its benefits. However, it introduces cross-language bugs (CLBs), which arise from interactions between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zengyang Li , Yimeng Li , Binbin Huang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu , Yutao Ma

Understanding and navigating large-scale codebases remains a significant challenge in software engineering. Existing methods often treat code as flat text or focus primarily on local structural relationships, limiting their ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 David Sounthiraraj , Jared Hancock , Yassin Kortam , Ashok Javvaji , Prabhat Singh , Shaila Shankar

The performance of automatic code documentation generation models depends critically on the quality of the training data used for supervision. However, most existing code documentation datasets are constructed through large scale scraping…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Recep Kaan Karaman , Meftun Akarsu

We introduce DSCodeBench, a new benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) on complicated and realistic data science code generation tasks. DSCodeBench consists of 1,000 carefully constructed problems sourced from realistic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuyin Ouyang , Dong Huang , Jingwen Guo , Zeyu Sun , Qihao Zhu , Jie M. Zhang

Many software projects implement APIs and algorithms in multiple programming languages. Maintaining such projects is tiresome, as developers have to ensure that any change (e.g., a bug fix or a new feature) is being propagated, timely and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Jiyang Zhang , Pengyu Nie , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric

Much of software-engineering research relies on the naturalness of code, the fact that code, in small code snippets, is repetitive and can be predicted using statistical language models like n-gram. Although powerful, training such models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Ahmed Khanfir , Matthieu Jimenez , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation. As these models scale up, there is an increasing need for the output to handle more intricate tasks and to be appropriately specialized to particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Xiangru Tang , Bill Qian , Rick Gao , Jiakang Chen , Xinyun Chen , Mark Gerstein

Automating code documentation through explanatory text can prove highly beneficial in code understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in Natural Language Processing, especially within software engineering tasks…

With the growing demand for spatiotemporal data processing and geospatial modeling, automating geospatial code generation has become essential for productivity. Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code generation but face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shuyang Hou , Zhangxiao Shen , Jianyuan Liang , Anqi Zhao , Zhipeng Gui , Rui Li , Huayi Wu

Language model-based code completion models have quickly grown in use, helping thousands of developers write code in many different programming languages. However, research on code completion models typically focuses on imperative languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Tim van Dam , Frank van der Heijden , Philippe de Bekker , Berend Nieuwschepen , Marc Otten , Maliheh Izadi

Code coverage is a widely used metric for quantifying the extent to which program elements, such as statements or branches, are executed during testing. Calculating code coverage is resource-intensive, requiring code building and execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Michele Tufano , Shubham Chandel , Anisha Agarwal , Neel Sundaresan , Colin Clement

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Current benchmarks for coding evaluate language models (LMs) on concrete, well-specified tasks such as fixing specific bugs or writing targeted tests. However, human programmers do not spend all day incessantly addressing isolated tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 John Yang , Kilian Lieret , Joyce Yang , Carlos E. Jimenez , Muhtasham Oblokulov , Aryan Siddiqui , Ofir Press , Ludwig Schmidt , Diyi Yang

Code Large Language Models (Code LLMs), such as StarCoder, have demonstrated exceptional performance in code-related tasks. However, most existing models are solely pre-trained on extensive raw code data without instruction fine-tuning. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ziyang Luo , Can Xu , Pu Zhao , Qingfeng Sun , Xiubo Geng , Wenxiang Hu , Chongyang Tao , Jing Ma , Qingwei Lin , Daxin Jiang
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