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Mutual visibility in graphs requires pairs of vertices to be connected by shortest paths that avoid all other vertices of a prescribed set, a condition that is often overly restrictive. In this paper, we introduce a new variant, called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

Mutual visibility in graphs provides a framework for analysing how vertices can observe one another along shortest paths free of internal obstructions. The visibility polynomial, which enumerates mutual-visibility sets of all orders, has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

Given a graph $G=(V(G), E(G))$ and a set $P\subseteq V(G)$, the following concepts have been recently introduced: $(i)$ two elements of $P$ are \emph{mutually visible} if there is a shortest path between them without further elements of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-19 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavzar

Given a graph $G$, a mutual-visibility coloring of $G$ is introduced as follows. We color two vertices $x,y\in V(G)$ with a same color, if there is a shortest $x,y$-path whose internal vertices have different colors than $x,y$. The smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Sandi Klavžar , Dorota Kuziak , Juan Carlos Valenzuela Tripodoro , Ismael G. Yero

In this paper, connections between independent sets and the variety of mutual-visibility sets are studied. It is proved that every outer mutual-visibility set of a graph is independent if and only if the graph is distance edge-critical.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Jing Tian , Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar

The \emph{general position problem} in graphs asks for a largest set of vertices in which no three lie on a common shortest path. The \emph{mutual-visibility problem} seeks a largest set of vertices such that every pair is connected by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Haritha S. , Ullas Chandran S.

Networks are often modeled using graphs, and within this setting we introduce the notion of $k$-fault-tolerant mutual visibility. Informally, a set of vertices $X \subseteq V(G)$ in a graph $G$ is a $k$-fault-tolerant mutual-visibility set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Gang Zhang

A subset $M$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a mutual-visibility set if for any two vertices $u,v\in{M}$ there exists a shortest $u$-$v$ path in $G$ that contains no elements of $M$ as internal vertices. Let $\chi_{\mu}(G)$ be the least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Maria Axenovich , Dingyuan Liu

Let $X$ be a vertex subset of a graph $G$. Then $u, v\in V(G)$ are $X$-positionable if $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$ holds for any shortest $u,v$-path $P$. If each two vertices from $X$ are $X$-positionable, then $X$ is a general position…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Jing Tian , Sandi Klavžar

The mutual-visibility chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of $G$ such that each color class is a mutual-visibility set. In this paper, we prove that determining the mutual-visibility…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Saneesh Babu , Gabriele Di Stefano , Aparna Lakshmanan S

The Kneser cube $Kn_n$ has vertex set $2^{[n]}$ and two vertices $F,F'$ are joined by an edge if and only if $F\cap F'=\emptyset$. For a fixed graph $G$, we are interested in the most number $vex(n,G)$ of vertices of $Kn_n$ that span a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Dániel Gerbner , Balázs Patkós

In this paper, we present a complete characterization of mutual-visibility sets in trees. It is shown that a subset $S$ is a mutual-visibility set of a tree $T$ if and only if it coincides with the set of leaves of the Steiner subtree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

Mutual-visibility sets were motivated by visibility in distributed systems and social networks, and intertwine with several classical mathematical areas. Monotone properties of the variety of mutual-visibility sets, and restrictions of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar , Jing Tian

The concept of mutual visibility in a graph encodes combinatorial information about vertex subsets with prescribed visibility properties and serves as a useful algebraic invariant. In this paper, we derive algebraic conditions for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

A set of vertices $S$ in a graph $G$ is a {\em resolving set} for $G$ if, for any two vertices $u,v$, there exists $x\in S$ such that the distances $d(u,x) \neq d(v,x)$. In this paper, we consider the Johnson graphs $J(n,k)$ and Kneser…

A $t$-bar visibility representation of a graph assigns each vertex up to $t$ horizontal bars in the plane so that two vertices are adjacent if and only if some bar for one vertex can see some bar for the other via an unobstructed vertical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Weiting Cao , Douglas B. West , Yan Yang

If $x\in V(G)$, then $S\subseteq V(G)\setminus\{x\}$ is an $x$-visibility set if for any $y\in S$ there exists a shortest $x,y$-path avoiding $S$. The $x$-visibility number $v_x(G)$ is the maximum cardinality of an $x$-visibility set, and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dhanya Roy , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Aparna Lakshmanan S

In a graph $G$, a geodesic between two vertices $x$ and $y$ is a shortest path connecting $x$ to $y$. A subset $S$ of the vertices of $G$ is in general position if no vertex of $S$ lies on any geodesic between two other vertices of $S$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Balázs Patkós

The study of mutual visibility has traditionally focused on undirected graphs, asking for the maximum number of vertices that can communicate via shortest paths without intermediate interference from other set members. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Vanja Stojanović

For positive integers $n,k$ and $t$, the uniform subset graph $G(n, k, t)$ has all $k$-subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ as vertices and two $k$-subsets are joined by an edge if they intersect at exactly $t$ elements. The Johnson graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Gülnaz Boruzanlı Ekinci , John Baptist Gauci