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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention in recent years due to their ability to handle sparse and event-based data better than regular artificial neural networks (ANNs). Since the structure of SNNs is less suited for typically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Daniel Windhager , Bernhard A. Moser , Michael Lunglmayr

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency in event driven neuromorphic hardware. However, the state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-05 Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired foundation for low-power, event-driven intelligence, yet their direct on-chip supervised training remains a key hardware challenge. This paper presents a multiplication-free,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Maryam Mirsadeghi , Mojtaba Mirbagheri , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh

We present GraphTensor, a comprehensive open-source framework that supports efficient parallel neural network processing on large graphs. GraphTensor offers a set of easy-to-use programming primitives that appreciate both graph and neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Junhyeok Jang , Miryeong Kwon , Donghyun Gouk , Hanyeoreum Bae , Myoungsoo Jung

Drawing on the intricate structures of the brain, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) emerge as a transformative development in artificial intelligence, closely emulating the complex dynamics of biological neural networks. While SNNs show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yanchen Li , Jiachun Li , Kebin Sun , Luziwei Leng , Ran Cheng

As the demand for compute power in traditional neural networks has increased significantly, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to increasingly power-hungry neural networks. By operating on 0/1 spikes emitted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andrew Fan , Simon D. Levy

The integration of Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) and Transformer has emerged as a strong candidate for image registration, leveraging the strengths of both models and a large parameter space. However, this hybrid model, treating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yufeng Zhou , Wenming Cao

Spiking neural networks are efficient computation models for low-power environments. Spike-based BP algorithms and ANN-to-SNN (ANN2SNN) conversions are successful techniques for SNN training. Nevertheless, the spike-base BP training is slow…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianxiong Tang , Jianhuang Lai , Xiaohua Xie , Lingxiao Yang , Wei-Shi Zheng

Currently, most spiking neural networks (SNNs) still mimic the chain-like hierarchical architecture in traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). This method significantly differs from random connections between neurons found in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yongsheng Huang , Peibo Duan , Zhipeng Liu , Kai Sun , Changsheng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Mingkun Xu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are potential competitors to artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their high energy-efficiency on neuromorphic hardware. However, SNNs are unfolded over simulation time steps during the training process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Hong Zhang , Yu Zhang

Graph Transformer is a new architecture that surpasses GNNs in graph learning. While there emerge inspiring algorithm advancements, their practical adoption is still limited, particularly on real-world graphs involving up to millions of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Meng Zhang , Jie Sun , Qinghao Hu , Peng Sun , Zeke Wang , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

Graph transformers (GTs) have emerged as a promising architecture that is theoretically more expressive than message-passing graph neural networks (GNNs). However, typical GT models have at least quadratic complexity and thus cannot scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chenhui Deng , Zichao Yue , Zhiru Zhang

Graph classification is a fundamental task in domains ranging from molecular property prediction to materials design. While graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance by learning expressive representations via message passing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hamed Poursiami , Shay Snyder , Guojing Cong , Thomas Potok , Maryam Parsa

Recent studies have highlighted the limitations of message-passing based graph neural networks (GNNs), e.g., limited model expressiveness, over-smoothing, over-squashing, etc. To alleviate these issues, Graph Transformers (GTs) have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Qiheng Mao , Zemin Liu , Chenghao Liu , Jianling Sun

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise orders-of-magnitude lower power consumption and low-latency inference on neuromorphic hardware for a wide range of robotic tasks. In this work, we present an energy-efficient implementation of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Sirine Arfa , Bernhard Vogginger , Christian Mayr

We introduce Attention Graphs, a new tool for mechanistic interpretability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Transformers based on the mathematical equivalence between message passing in GNNs and the self-attention mechanism in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Batu El , Deepro Choudhury , Pietro Liò , Chaitanya K. Joshi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) operate with asynchronous discrete events (or spikes) which can potentially lead to higher energy-efficiency in neuromorphic hardware implementations. Many works have shown that an SNN for inference can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Nitin Rathi , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Variants of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for representation learning have been proposed recently and achieved fruitful results in various fields. Among them, Graph Attention Network (GAT) first employs a self-attention strategy to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Heng Chang , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Wenbing Huang , Somayeh Sojoudi , Junzhou Huang , Wenwu Zhu

Graph neural networks are powerful architectures for structured datasets. However, current methods struggle to represent long-range dependencies. Scaling the depth or width of GNNs is insufficient to broaden receptive fields as larger GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Zhanghao Wu , Paras Jain , Matthew A. Wright , Azalia Mirhoseini , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown significant accuracy improvements in a variety of graph learning domains, sparking considerable research interest. To translate these accuracy improvements into practical applications, it is essential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Shuwen Lu , Zhihui Zhang , Cong Guo , Jingwen Leng , Yangjie Zhou , Minyi Guo