Related papers: Cryptic Bytes: WebAssembly Obfuscation for Evading…

Function-level binary code similarity detection is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity. It enables the detection of bugs and patent infringements in released software and plays a pivotal role in preventing supply chain attacks. A practical…

Code obfuscation is a popular approach to turn program comprehension and analysis harder, with the aim of mitigating threats related to malicious reverse engineering and code tampering. However, programming languages that compile to high…

Scam contracts on Ethereum have rapidly evolved alongside the rise of DeFi and NFT ecosystems, utilizing increasingly complex code obfuscation techniques to avoid early detection. This paper systematically investigates how obfuscation…

As the web moves away from stateful tracking, browser fingerprinting is becoming more prevalent. Unfortunately, existing approaches to detect browser fingerprinting do not take into account potential evasion tactics such as code…

To counter software reverse engineering or tampering, software obfuscation tools can be used. However, such tools to a large degree hard-code how the obfuscations are deployed. They hence lack resilience and stealth in the face of many…

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a novel low-level bytecode format that swiftly gained popularity for its efficiency, versatility and security, with near-native performance. Besides, trusted execution environments (TEEs) shield critical software…

The success of quantum circuits in providing reliable outcomes for a given problem depends on the gate count and depth in near-term noisy quantum computers. Quantum circuit compilers that decompose high-level gates to native gates of the…

A significant amount of both client and server-side cryptography is implemented in JavaScript. Despite widespread concerns about its security, no other language has been able to match the convenience that comes from its ubiquitous support…

Neural network stealing attacks have posed grave threats to neural network model deployment. Such attacks can be launched by extracting neural architecture information, such as layer sequence and dimension parameters, through leaky…

An `obfuscation' for encrypted computing is quantified exactly here, leading to an argument that security against polynomial-time attacks has been achieved for user data via the deliberately `chaotic' compilation required for security…

Software obfuscation techniques make code more difficult to understand, without changing its functionality. Such techniques are often used by authors of malicious software to avoid detection. Reverse Engineering of obfuscated code, i.e.,…

The WeChat mini-game ecosystem faces rampant intellectual property theft to other platforms via secondary development, yet existing JavaScript obfuscation tools are ill-equipped for large-scale applications, suffering from prohibitive…

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized computing engine. It enables the Ethereum blockchain to execute smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). The increasing adoption of Ethereum sparked the rise of phishing…

The adoption of WebAssembly has rapidly increased in the last few years as it provides a fast and safe model for program execution. However, WebAssembly is not exempt from vulnerabilities that could be exploited by side channels attacks.…

Application virtual machines provide strong isolation properties and are established in the context of software portability. Those opportunities make them interesting for scalable and secure IoT deployments. WebAssembly is an application…

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a bytecode format originally serving as a compilation target for Web applications. It has recently been used increasingly on the server side, e.g., providing a safer, faster, and more portable alternative to Linux…

WebAssembly is a new binary instruction format that allows targeted compiled code written in high-level languages to be executed with near-native speed by the browser's JavaScript engine. However, given that WebAssembly binaries can be…

JavaScript's widespread adoption has made it an attractive target for malicious attackers who employ sophisticated obfuscation techniques to conceal harmful code. Current deobfuscation tools suffer from critical limitations that severely…

Program obfuscation is increasingly popular among malware creators. Objectively comparing different malware detection approaches with respect to their resilience against obfuscation is challenging. To the best of our knowledge, there is no…

String obfuscation is an established technique used by proprietary, closed-source applications to protect intellectual property. Furthermore, it is also frequently used to hide spyware or malware in applications. In both cases, the…