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Learning functional programming requires learning a substitution-based computational model. While substitution should be a familiar concept from high-school algebra, students often have difficulty applying it to new settings, such as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Pedro Vasconcelos

Large-Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way learners acquire knowledge outside the classroom setting. Previous studies have shown that LLMs seem effective in generating to short and simple questions in introductory CS courses using…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yihan Zhang , Brigitte Pientka , Xujie Si

Large language models have shown impressive performance in various domains, including code generation across diverse open-source domains. However, their applicability in proprietary industrial settings, where domain-specific constraints and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yash Mundhra , Max Valk , Maliheh Izadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code completion. However, the training data used to develop these models often contain a significant amount of buggy code. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Liwei Guo , Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Xiang Chen , Yuxia Zhang , Bo Wang , Jie M. Zhang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu

Large language models have shown good potential in supporting software development tasks. This is why more and more developers turn to LLMs (e.g. ChatGPT) to support them in fixing their buggy code. While this can save time and effort, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yacine Majdoub , Eya Ben Charrada

How should two language models interact to produce better code than either can alone? The conventional approach -- a reasoning model plans, a code specialist implements -- seems natural but fails: on HumanEval+, plan-then-code degrades…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jan Miller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular choice for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their versatility and ability to produce high-quality results. Specifically, they are increasingly used for automatic code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jessica López Espejel , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

Large language models (LLMs) have manifested strong ability to generate codes for productive activities. However, current benchmarks for code synthesis, such as HumanEval, MBPP, and DS-1000, are predominantly oriented towards introductory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Shudan Zhang , Hanlin Zhao , Xiao Liu , Qinkai Zheng , Zehan Qi , Xiaotao Gu , Xiaohan Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

A code generation model generates code by taking a prompt from a code comment, existing code, or a combination of both. Although code generation models (e.g., GitHub Copilot) are increasingly being adopted in practice, it is unclear whether…

Recently an influx of studies claim emergent cognitive abilities in large language models (LLMs). Yet, most rely on anecdotes, overlook contamination of training sets, or lack systematic Evaluation involving multiple tasks, control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Ida Momennejad , Hosein Hasanbeig , Felipe Vieira , Hiteshi Sharma , Robert Osazuwa Ness , Nebojsa Jojic , Hamid Palangi , Jonathan Larson

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation and code repair, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiexin Wang , Xitong Luo , Liuwen Cao , Hongkui He , Hailin Huang , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

Code completion has become a central task, gaining significant attention with the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools in software engineering. Although recent advances have greatly improved LLMs' code completion abilities,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiajun Zhang , Zeyu Cui , Lei Zhang , Jian Yang , Jiaxi Yang , Qiang Liu , Zilei Wang , Binyuan Hui , Liang Wang , Junyang Lin

We demonstrate how methods in Functional Programming can be used to implement a computer algebra system. As a proof-of-concept, we present the computational-algebra package. It is a computer algebra system implemented as an embedded…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Hiromi Ishii

As the performance of Large-scale Vision Language Models (LVLMs) improves, they are increasingly capable of responding in multiple languages, and there is an expectation that the demand for explanations generated by LVLMs will grow.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Shintaro Ozaki , Kazuki Hayashi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled coding agents capable of generating, executing, and revising visualization code. However, existing models often fail in practical workflows due to limited language coverage, unreliable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuansheng Ni , Songcheng Cai , Xiangchao Chen , Jiarong Liang , Zhiheng Lyu , Jiaqi Deng , Kai Zou , Ping Nie , Fei Yuan , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

Understanding and reasoning over diagrams is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, existing benchmarks lack comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Fengji Zhang , Linquan Wu , Huiyu Bai , Guancheng Lin , Xiao Li , Xiao Yu , Yue Wang , Bei Chen , Jacky Keung

Large language models achieve near-ceiling performance on code generation benchmarks, yet most of the programming languages used by popular benchmarks such as SWE-bench and HumanEval (e.g. Python, JavaScript) are squarely in-distribution.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Aman Sharma , Paras Chopra

Large Language models have achieved impressive performance in automated software engineering. Extensive efforts have been made to evaluate the abilities of code LLMs in various aspects, with an increasing number of benchmarks and evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Lezhi Ma , Shangqing Liu , Lei Bu , Shangru Li , Yida Wang , Yang Liu

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

The recent surge of open-source large language models (LLMs) enables developers to create AI-based solutions while maintaining control over aspects such as privacy and compliance, thereby providing governance and ownership of the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Matias Martinez