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LLM training is resource-intensive. Quantized training improves computational and memory efficiency but introduces quantization noise, which can hinder convergence and degrade model accuracy. Stochastic Rounding (SR) has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Taowen Liu , Marta Andronic , Deniz Gündüz , George A. Constantinides

As deep neural networks (DNNs) see increased deployment on mobile and edge devices, optimizing model efficiency has become crucial. Mixed-precision quantization is widely favored, as it offers a superior balance between efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Seokho Han , Seoyeon Yoon , Jinhee Kim , Dongwei Wang , Kang Eun Jeon , Huanrui Yang , Jong Hwan Ko

Quantization has emerged as a promising technique for improving the memory and computational efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Though the trade-off between performance and efficiency is well-known, there is still much to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Network quantization is an effective solution to compress deep neural networks for practical usage. Existing network quantization methods cannot sufficiently exploit the depth information to generate low-bit compressed network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Yuhui Xu , Yongzhuang Wang , Aojun Zhou , Weiyao Lin , Hongkai Xiong

Quantization is a technique for creating efficient Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which involves performing computations and storing tensors at lower bit-widths than f32 floating point precision. Quantization reduces model size and inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Eliska Kloberdanz , Wei Le

Recent advances in diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have introduced a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs for natural language generation tasks, leveraging full attention and denoising-based decoding strategies.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haokun Lin , Haobo Xu , Yichen Wu , Ziyu Guo , Renrui Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Ying Wei , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenan Sun

Recently, an extensive amount of research has been focused on compressing and accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNN). So far, high compression rate algorithms require part of the training dataset for a low precision calibration, or a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Matan Haroush , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar

Continuous neural representations have recently emerged as a powerful and flexible alternative to classical discretized representations of signals. However, training them to capture fine details in multi-scale signals is difficult and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Sifan Wang , Hanwen Wang , Jacob H. Seidman , Paris Perdikaris

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved great success in many visual recognition tasks. However, existing deep neural network models are computationally expensive and memory intensive, hindering their deployment in devices with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yu Cheng , Duo Wang , Pan Zhou , Tao Zhang

The biggest challenge for the deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) close to the generated data on edge devices is their size, i.e., memory footprint and computational complexity. Both are significantly reduced with quantization. With…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Cecilia Latotzke , Batuhan Balim , Tobias Gemmeke

The use of low-bit quantization has emerged as an indispensable technique for enabling the efficient training of large-scale models. Despite its widespread empirical success, a rigorous theoretical understanding of its impact on learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-17 Dechen Zhang , Junwei Su , Difan Zou

Quantization of deep neural networks is a promising approach that reduces the inference cost, making it feasible to run deep networks on resource-restricted devices. Inspired by existing methods, we propose a new framework to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Amir Ardakani , Arash Ardakani , Brett Meyer , James J. Clark , Warren J. Gross

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

Batch Normalization is a commonly used trick to improve the training of deep neural networks. These neural networks use L2 regularization, also called weight decay, ostensibly to prevent overfitting. However, we show that L2 regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Twan van Laarhoven

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in various tasks. However, the memory requirements of LLMs present a great challenge when deploying on memory-limited devices, even for quantized LLMs. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Weilan Wang , Yu Mao , Dongdong Tang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

We propose a novel regularization method, called \textit{volumization}, for neural networks. Inspired by physics, we define a physical volume for the weight parameters in neural networks, and we show that this method is an effective way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Liu Ziyin , Zihao Wang , Makoto Yamada , Masahito Ueda

Quantization effectively reduces the serving costs of Large Language Models (LLMs) by speeding up data movement through compressed parameters and enabling faster operations via integer arithmetic. However, activating integer arithmetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Patrik Czakó , Gábor Kertész , Sándor Szénási

In this article, we introduce a novel normalization technique for neural network weight matrices, which we term weight conditioning. This approach aims to narrow the gap between the smallest and largest singular values of the weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hemanth Saratchandran , Thomas X. Wang , Simon Lucey

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang