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While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved unprecedented performance on a wide range of complex tasks, rapidly outpacing our understanding of the nature of their solutions. This has caused a recent surge of interest in methods for rendering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-30 Samuel Ritter , David G. T. Barrett , Adam Santoro , Matt M. Botvinick

To improve the trustworthiness of an AI model, finding consistent, understandable representations of its inference process is essential. This understanding is particularly important in high-stakes operations such as weather forecasting,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Soyeon Kim , Junho Choi , Subeen Lee , Jaesik Choi

Understanding the inner representation of a neural network helps users improve models. Concept-based methods have become a popular choice for explaining deep neural networks post-hoc because, unlike most other explainable AI techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Aditya Taparia , Som Sagar , Ransalu Senanayake

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk

In the meantime, a wide variety of terminologies, motivations, approaches, and evaluation criteria have been developed within the research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With the amount of XAI methods vastly growing, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Gesina Schwalbe , Bettina Finzel

Models based on human-understandable concepts have received extensive attention to improve model interpretability for trustworthy artificial intelligence in the field of medical image analysis. These methods can provide convincing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hongmei Wang , Junlin Hou , Hao Chen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has re-emerged in response to the development of modern AI and ML systems. These systems are complex and sometimes biased, but they nevertheless make decisions that impact our lives. XAI systems are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Shane T. Mueller , Elizabeth S. Veinott , Robert R. Hoffman , Gary Klein , Lamia Alam , Tauseef Mamun , William J. Clancey

The black-box nature of deep learning models has raised concerns about their interpretability for successful deployment in real-world clinical applications. To address the concerns, eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Junlin Hou , Jilan Xu , Hao Chen

We propose a novel segmentation-based explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) method for neural networks working on point cloud classification. As one building block of this method, we propose a novel point-shifting mechanism to introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Raju Ningappa Mulawade , Christoph Garth , Alexander Wiebel

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being used in critical systems, where robustness and alignment are crucial. In this context, the field of explainable artificial intelligence has proposed the generation of high-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Andres Felipe Posada-Moreno , Nikita Surya , Sebastian Trimpe

The desirable properties of explanations in information systems have fueled the demands for transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) outputs. To address these demands, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has put forth methods that can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Felix Haag

The ability to navigate robots with natural language instructions in an unknown environment is a crucial step for achieving embodied artificial intelligence (AI). With the improving performance of deep neural models proposed in the field of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Guanqi Chen , Lei Yang , Guanhua Chen , Jia Pan

*Concept-based explanations* offer a promising approach for explaining the predictions of deep neural networks in terms of high-level, human-understandable concepts. However, existing methods either do not establish a causal connection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ronaldo Canizales , Divya Gopinath , Corina Păsăreanu , Ravi Mangal

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

More recently, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research has shifted to focus on a more pragmatic or naturalistic account of understanding, that is, whether the stakeholders understand the explanation. This point is especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Janet Hui-wen Hsiao , Hilary Hei Ting Ngai , Luyu Qiu , Yi Yang , Caleb Chen Cao

Ensuring transparency and trust in artificial intelligence (AI) models is essential as they are increasingly deployed in safety-critical and high-stakes domains. Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a promising approach to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Reem Hammoud , Abdul Karim Gizzini , Ali J. Ghandour

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the state of the art method for image classification in the last ten years. Despite the fact that they achieve superhuman classification accuracy on many popular datasets, they often perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sebastian Stabinger , Peer David , Justus Piater , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

Interpretability has become an important topic of research as more machine learning (ML) models are deployed and widely used to make important decisions. Most of the current explanation methods provide explanations through feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-09 Amirata Ghorbani , James Wexler , James Zou , Been Kim

The rationale behind a deep learning model's output is often difficult to understand by humans. EXplainable AI (XAI) aims at solving this by developing methods that improve interpretability and explainability of machine learning models.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Rafaël Brandt , Daan Raatjens , Georgi Gaydadjiev