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Fine-tuning has been demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the domain performance of large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs might fit the dataset bias and shortcuts for prediction, leading to poor generation performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Zhongkun Liu , Zheng Chen , Mengqi Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can pass explicit social bias tests but still harbor implicit biases, similar to humans who endorse egalitarian beliefs yet exhibit subtle biases. Measuring such implicit biases can be a challenge: as LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xuechunzi Bai , Angelina Wang , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit societal biases from their training data, potentially leading to harmful or unfair outputs. While various techniques aim to mitigate these biases, their effects are often evaluated only along the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shireen Chand , Faith Baca , Emilio Ferrara

With the impressive performance in various downstream tasks, large language models (LLMs) have been widely integrated into production pipelines, like recruitment and recommendation systems. A known issue of models trained on natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Damin Zhang , Yi Zhang , Geetanjali Bihani , Julia Rayz

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate natural language generation tasks as automated metrics. However, the likelihood, a measure of LLM's plausibility for a sentence, can vary due to superficial differences in sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Masanari Oi , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryuto Koike , Mengsay Loem , Naoaki Okazaki

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are susceptible to generating biased and discriminatory responses. As LLMs increasingly influence high-stakes decision-making (e.g., hiring and healthcare), mitigating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jingling Li , Zeyu Tang , Xiaoyu Liu , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang , Liu Leqi , Yang Liu

Mitigation of gender bias in NLP has a long history tied to debiasing static word embeddings. More recently, attention has shifted to debiasing pre-trained language models. We study to what extent the simplest projective debiasing methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Daniel Gillis , Judi McCuaig

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in advancing natural language processing, yet their potential to perpetuate biases poses significant concerns. This paper introduces a new framework employing Direct Preference Optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Ahmed Allam

Societal biases present in pre-trained large language models are a critical issue as these models have been shown to propagate biases in countless downstream applications, rendering them unfair towards specific groups of people. Since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Himanshu Thakur , Atishay Jain , Praneetha Vaddamanu , Paul Pu Liang , Louis-Philippe Morency

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making, yet their susceptibility to cognitive biases remains a pressing challenge. This study explores how personality traits influence these biases and evaluates the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiangen He , Jiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their susceptibility to biases poses significant challenges. This comprehensive review examines the landscape of bias in LLMs, from its origins to current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yufei Guo , Muzhe Guo , Juntao Su , Zhou Yang , Mengqiu Zhu , Hongfei Li , Mengyang Qiu , Shuo Shuo Liu

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, decision support, content creation, and information retrieval. Despite impressive fluency, these systems frequently produce biased or stereotypical content, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit social biases that reinforce harmful stereotypes, limiting their safe deployment. Most existing debiasing methods adopt a suppressive paradigm by modifying parameters, prompts, or neurons associated with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jinhao Pan , Chahat Raj , Anjishnu Mukherjee , Sina Mansouri , Bowen Wei , Shloka Yada , Ziwei Zhu

Abusive language detection models tend to have a problem of being biased toward identity words of a certain group of people because of imbalanced training datasets. For example, "You are a good woman" was considered "sexist" when trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Ji Ho Park , Jamin Shin , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks using the in-context learning (ICL) paradigm. However, their effectiveness is often compromised by inherent bias, leading to prompt brittleness, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Hanzhang Zhou , Zijian Feng , Zixiao Zhu , Junlang Qian , Kezhi Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly explored as general-purpose tools for recommendation tasks, enabling zero-shot and instruction-following capabilities without the need for task-specific training. While the research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ethan Bito , Yongli Ren , Estrid He

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked intense debate regarding the prevalence of bias in these models and its mitigation. Yet, as exemplified by both results on debiasing methods in the literature and reports of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 David F. Jenny , Yann Billeter , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

There has been a lot of interest in understanding what information is captured by hidden representations of language models (LMs). Typically, interpretation methods i) do not guarantee that the model actually uses the encoded information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicola De Cao , Leon Schmid , Dieuwke Hupkes , Ivan Titov

Mitigation of biases, such as language models' reliance on gender stereotypes, is a crucial endeavor required for the creation of reliable and useful language technology. The crucial aspect of debiasing is to ensure that the models preserve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček , Tomáš Musil

Sociodemographic bias in language models (LMs) has the potential for harm when deployed in real-world settings. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the past decade of research on sociodemographic bias in LMs, organized into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau
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