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A common theme in causal inference is learning causal relationships between observed variables, also known as causal discovery. This is usually a daunting task, given the large number of candidate causal graphs and the combinatorial nature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Romain Lopez , Jan-Christian Hütter , Jonathan K. Pritchard , Aviv Regev

Numerous approaches have been proposed to discover causal dependencies in machine learning and data mining; among them, the state-of-the-art VAR-LiNGAM (short for Vector Auto-Regressive Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model) is a desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Aref Einizade , Sepideh Hajipour Sardouie

Causal structure learning, also known as causal discovery, aims to estimate causal relationships between variables as a form of a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) from observational data. One of the major frameworks is the order-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-18 Kentaro Kanamori , Hirofumi Suzuki , Takuya Takagi

Causal discovery methods are intrinsically constrained by the set of assumptions needed to ensure structure identifiability. Moreover additional restrictions are often imposed in order to simplify the inference task: this is the case for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Francesco Montagna , Nicoletta Noceti , Lorenzo Rosasco , Kun Zhang , Francesco Locatello

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) constitute a central modeling tool to enable principled reasoning about cause-effect interactions in complex systems. However, since the causal structure underlying a group of variables is often unknown and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 Gonzalo Mateos , Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Mariano Tepper

Learning the structure of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is useful in many areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, with wide applications. However, in the high-dimensional setting, it is challenging to obtain good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Stephen Smith , Qing Zhou

We present a constraint-based algorithm for learning causal structures from observational time-series data, in the presence of latent confounders. We assume a discrete-time, stationary structural vector autoregressive process, with both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Gal Novik

Graph data is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the growing demand for relational insights in AI across various domains. Organizations regularly use graph data to solve complex problems involving relationships and connections. Causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Haoran Xie , Jianming Yong , Xin Wang

An acyclic causal structure can be described with directed acyclic graph (DAG), where arrows indicate the possibility of direct causation. The task of learning this structure from data is known as "causal discovery." Diverse populations or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Bijan Mazaheri , Spencer Gordon , Yuval Rabani , Leonard Schulman

Classical machine learning techniques often struggle with overfitting and unreliable predictions when exposed to novel conditions. Introducing causality into the modelling process offers a promising way to mitigate these challenges by…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-28 David Zapata Gonzalez , Marcel Meyer , Oliver Mueller

The aim in many sciences is to understand the mechanisms that underlie the observed distribution of variables, starting from a set of initial hypotheses. Causal discovery allows us to infer mechanisms as sets of cause and effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ashka Shah , Adela DePavia , Nathaniel Hudson , Ian Foster , Rick Stevens

One of the key objectives in many fields in machine learning is to discover causal relationships among a set of variables from observational data. In linear non-Gaussian acyclic models (LiNGAM), it can be shown that the true underlying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Amirhossein Shahbazinia , Saber Salehkaleybar , Matin Hashemi

Causal discovery is a crucial initial step in establishing causality from empirical data and background knowledge. Numerous algorithms have been developed for this purpose. Among them, the score-matching method has demonstrated superior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Hao Chen , Kai Yi

This paper introduces a new framework for recovering causal graphs from observational data, leveraging the observation that the distribution of an effect, conditioned on its causes, remains invariant to changes in the prior distribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Nang Hung Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Thao Nguyen Truong , Trong Nghia Hoang , Masashi Sugiyama

We introduce a new Collaborative Causal Discovery problem, through which we model a common scenario in which we have multiple independent entities each with their own causal graph, and the goal is to simultaneously learn all these causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Raghavendra Addanki , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Understanding the causal relationships between data variables can provide crucial insights into the construction of tabular datasets. Most existing causality learning methods typically focus on applying a single identifiable causal model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hristo Petkov , Calum MacLellan , Feng Dong

The recent works on causal discovery have followed a similar trend of learning partial ancestral graphs (PAGs) since observational data constrain the true causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) only up to a Markov equivalence class. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tingrui Huang , Devendra Singh Dhami

We consider to learn a causal ordering of variables in a linear non-Gaussian acyclic model called LiNGAM. Several existing methods have been shown to consistently estimate a causal ordering assuming that all the model assumptions are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-10 Tatsuya Tashiro , Shohei Shimizu , Aapo Hyvarinen , Takashi Washio

Causal Bayesian networks (CBN) are popular graphical probabilistic models that encode causal relations among variables. Learning their graphical structure from observational data has received a lot of attention in the literature. When there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Christophe Gonzales , Amir-Hosein Valizadeh

We propose a novel score-based causal discovery method, named ABIC LiNGAM, which extends the linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM) framework to address the challenges of causal structure estimation in scenarios involving unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-23 Yoshimitsu Morinishi , Shohei Shimizu