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Related papers: Lean4Lean: Verifying a Typechecker for Lean, in Le…

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Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex logical reasoning due to logical inconsistencies and the inherent difficulty of such reasoning. We use Lean, a theorem proving framework, to address these challenges. By formalizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Dongwei Jiang , Marcio Fonseca , Shay B. Cohen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

This paper considers the development of an AI-based provably-correct mathematical proof tutor. While Large Language Models (LLMs) allow seamless communication in natural language, they are error prone. Theorem provers such as Lean allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Manooshree Patel , Rayna Bhattacharyya , Thomas Lu , Arnav Mehta , Niels Voss , Narges Norouzi , Gireeja Ranade

The large language models (LLMs) might produce a persuasive argument within mathematical and logical fields, although such argument often includes some minor missteps, including the entire omission of side conditions, invalid inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kranthi Kommuru , Kunal Khanvilkar , Gaurav Parekh

We present ZFLean, a Lean 4 library for doing core mathematics inside a model of ZFC with the ergonomics expected of typed Mathlib developments. Building on Mathlib's ZFC model, we contribute a relational calculus for sets with rewriting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Vincent Trélat

Vampire proves theorems completely automatically in first- and higher-order logic extended with theories. Proof checking is increasingly demanded to consolidate user trust in Vampires output. We describe ongoing efforts in reconstructing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Jonas Bodingbauer , Márton Hajdu , Laura Kovács , Axel Polaczek , Michael Rawson

AI agents have shown initial promise in automating mathematical theorem proving in proof assistants such as Lean. The same proof assistants can be used to verify the correctness of code by pairing code with specifications and proofs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Evan Lohn , Sean Welleck

This thesis documents a voyage towards truth and beauty via formal verification of theorems. To this end, we develop libraries in Lean 4 that present definitions and results from diverse areas of MathematiCS (i.e., Mathematics and Computer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Martin Dvorak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise in formal theorem proving. In this study, we investigate the ability of LLMs to discover novel theorems and produce verified proofs. We propose a pipeline called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kazumi Kasaura , Naoto Onda , Yuta Oriike , Masaya Taniguchi , Akiyoshi Sannai , Sho Sonoda

Recently, large language models have presented promising results in aiding formal mathematical reasoning. However, their performance is restricted due to the scarcity of formal theorem-proving data, which requires additional effort to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zijian Wu , Jiayu Wang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

This paper presents the use of testing, credible compilation/translation validation, verification, and audits in the Axon compiler. Axon comes with fully machine checked proofs that guarantee the correctness of the generated code. All code…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Martin Rinard

Software testing plays a critical role in ensuring that systems behave as intended. However, existing automated testing approaches struggle to match the capabilities of human engineers due to key limitations such as test locality, lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kangping Xu , Yifan Luo , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Verifying mathematical proofs is difficult, but can be automated with the assistance of a computer. Autoformalization is the task of automatically translating natural language mathematics into a formal language that can be verified by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Nilay Patel , Rahul Saha , Jeffrey Flanigan

We present **Lean4PHYS**, a comprehensive reasoning framework for college-level physics problems in Lean4. **Lean4PHYS** includes *LeanPhysBench*, a college-level benchmark for formal physics reasoning in Lean4, which contains 200…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuxin Li , Minghao Liu , Ruida Wang , Wenzhao Ji , Zhitao He , Rui Pan , Junming Huang , Tong Zhang , Yi R. Fung

Automated theorem proving systems built on Lean 4 increasingly rely on parallel tactic search over partially specified proofs, such as those generated by Draft-Sketch-Prove (DSP) pipelines. In current systems, each search branch…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Austin Shen , Yunong Shi

Ensuring correctness is a pivotal aspect of software engineering. Among the various strategies available, software verification offers a definitive assurance of correctness. Nevertheless, writing verification proofs is resource-intensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Lichen Zhang , Shuai Lu , Nan Duan

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to revolutionize autoformalization. The introduction of Lean4, a mathematical programming language, presents an unprecedented opportunity to rigorously assess the autoformalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aryan Gulati , Devanshu Ladsaria , Shubhra Mishra , Jasdeep Sidhu , Brando Miranda

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in formal theorem proving, yet state-of-the-art performance often necessitates prohibitive test-time compute via massive roll-outs or extended context windows. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Guchan Li , Rui Tian , Hongning Wang