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Multimodal hallucination in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restricts the correctness of MLLMs. However, multimodal hallucinations are multi-sourced and arise from diverse causes. Existing benchmarks fail to adequately distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bowen Dong , Minheng Ni , Zitong Huang , Guanglei Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Lei Zhang

Large multimodal models suffer from multimodal hallucination, where they provide incorrect responses misaligned with the given visual information. Recent works have conjectured that one of the reasons behind multimodal hallucination is due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Seongyun Lee , Sue Hyun Park , Yongrae Jo , Minjoon Seo

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) can reason from image-text inputs and perform well in various multimodal tasks. Despite this success, they are affected by language priors and often produce hallucinations. Hallucinations denote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xinrong Chen , Xu Chu , Yingmin Qiu , Hengyuan Zhang , Jing Xiong , Shiyu Tang , Shuai Liu , Shaokang Yang , Cheng Yang , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

Despite the rapid success of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), a persistent challenge is their tendency to generate hallucinated content, undermining reliability in real-world use. Existing training-free methods address hallucinations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Neeraj Anand , Samyak Jha , Udbhav Bamba , Rahul Rahaman

Inspired by the superior language abilities of large language models (LLM), large vision-language models (LVLM) have been recently explored by integrating powerful LLMs for improving the performance on complex multimodal tasks. Despite the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yifan Li , Yifan Du , Kun Zhou , Jinpeng Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) contribute a powerful mechanism to understanding visual information building on large language models. However, MLLMs are notorious for suffering from hallucinations, especially when generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Kai Wu , Boyuan Jiang , Zhengkai Jiang , Qingdong He , Donghao Luo , Shengzhi Wang , Qingwen Liu , Chengjie Wang

Generative Vision-Language Models (VLMs) perform well on multimodal reasoning, but how visual inputs are transformed to text remains poorly understood. Existing interpretability work on VLMs uses Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), which decompose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Dimitrios Damianos , Leon Voukoutis , Georgios Skyrianos , Vassilis Katsouros , Georgios Paraskevopoulos

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form…

Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many vision-language tasks but often struggle with spatial reasoning$\unicode{x2014}$a prerequisite for many applications. Empirically, we find that a dataset produced by a current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Karim Elmaaroufi , Liheng Lai , Justin Svegliato , Yutong Bai , Sanjit A. Seshia , Matei Zaharia

In the realms of computer vision and natural language processing, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become indispensable tools, proficient in generating textual responses based on visual inputs. Despite their advancements, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 YiFan Zhang , Yang Shi , Weichen Yu , Qingsong Wen , Xue Wang , Wenjing Yang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin

Despite recent successes, LVLMs or Large Vision Language Models are prone to hallucinating details like objects and their properties or relations, limiting their real-world deployment. To address this and improve their robustness, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yassine Ouali , Adrian Bulat , Brais Martinez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in safety-critical applications that require reliable visual grounding. However, these models often hallucinate details that are not present in the image to satisfy user prompts. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weihao Hong , Zhiyuan Jiang , Bingyu Shen , Xinlei Guan , Yangyi Feng , Meng Xu , Boyang Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) typically process visual inputs as a prefix to the language decoder. As the model autoregressively generates text, this initial visual information inevitably undergoes "dilution" leading the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhengtao Zou , Ya Gao , Jiarui Guan , Bin Li , Pekka Marttinen

This paper aims to address the challenge of hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) particularly for dense image captioning tasks. To tackle the challenge, we identify the current lack of a metric that finely measures the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Cong Chen , Mingyu Liu , Chenchen Jing , Yizhou Zhou , Fengyun Rao , Hao Chen , Bo Zhang , Chunhua Shen

Visual hallucination (VH) means that a multi-modal LLM (MLLM) imagines incorrect details about an image in visual question answering. Existing studies find VH instances only in existing image datasets, which results in biased understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wen Huang , Hongbin Liu , Minxin Guo , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in automating code generation tasks offering new opportunities across software engineering domains. However, their practical application remains limited due to hallucinations -…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Marc Pavel , Nenad Petrovic , Lukasz Mazur , Vahid Zolfaghari , Fengjunjie Pan , Alois Knoll

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by combining visual recognition and language understanding to generate content that is both coherent and contextually accurate. However, MLLMs continue to struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Haoran Zhou , Zihan Zhang , Hao Chen

Vision language models (VLMs) often generate hallucination, i.e., content that cannot be substantiated by either textual or visual inputs. Prior work primarily attributes this to over-reliance on linguistic prior knowledge rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zheng Qi , Chao Shang , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Nikolaos Pappas

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention recently and demonstrate outstanding capabilities in various tasks such as OCR, VQA, captioning, $\textit{etc}$. However, hallucination remains a persistent issue.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Wang , Xinpeng Liu , Yudonglin Zhang , Xiaoqian Wu , Zhou Fang , Yifan Fang , Junfu Pu , Cewu Lu , Yong-Lu Li

Large-scale vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models are prone to hallucinate non-existent visual objects when generating text based on visual information. In this paper, we systematically study the object hallucination problem from three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Wenliang Dai , Zihan Liu , Ziwei Ji , Dan Su , Pascale Fung