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Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are able to hierarchically preserve the pose relationships between multiple objects for image classification tasks. Other than achieving high accuracy, another relevant factor in deploying CapsNets in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alberto Marchisio , Antonio De Marco , Alessio Colucci , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Capsule networks were proposed as an alternative approach to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for learning object-centric representations, which can be leveraged for improved generalization and sample complexity. Unlike CNNs, capsule…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Kevin Duarte , Miles Everett , Georgios Leontidis , Mubarak Shah

The traditional convolution neural networks (CNN) have several drawbacks like the Picasso effect and the loss of information by the pooling layer. The Capsule network (CapsNet) was proposed to address these challenges because its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Adewale Adeyemo , Faiq Khalid , Tolulope A. Odetola , Syed Rafay Hasan

The early detection of drowsiness has become vital to ensure the correct and safe development of several industries' tasks. Due to the transient mental state of a human subject between alertness and drowsiness, automated drowsiness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Luis Guarda , Juan Tapia , Enrique Lopez Droguett , Marcelo Ramos

Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be easily fooled by images with small quasi-imperceptible artificial perturbations. As alternatives to CNNs, the recently proposed Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are shown to be more robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Jindong Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Volker Tresp

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve translational invariance by using pooling operations. However, the operations do not preserve the spatial relationships in the learned representations. Hence, CNNs cannot extrapolate to various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Capsule Networks (CapsNets) is a machine learning architecture proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, CapsNets have mainly outperformed CNNs in datasets where images are small and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Juan P. Vigueras-Guillén , Arijit Patra , Ola Engkvist , Frank Seeliger

In this study, we explore capsule networks with dynamic routing for text classification. We propose three strategies to stabilize the dynamic routing process to alleviate the disturbance of some noise capsules which may contain "background"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Wei Zhao , Jianbo Ye , Min Yang , Zeyang Lei , Suofei Zhang , Zhou Zhao

Capsule Networks (CN) offer new architectures for Deep Learning (DL) community. Though its effectiveness has been demonstrated in MNIST and smallNORB datasets, the networks still face challenges in other datasets for images with distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Nguyen Huu Phong , Bernardete Ribeiro

Capsule networks are a recently developed class of neural networks that potentially address some of the deficiencies with traditional convolutional neural networks. By replacing the standard scalar activations with vectors, and by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Arjun Punjabi , Jonas Schmid , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Despite impressive performance on numerous visual tasks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) --- unlike brains --- are often highly sensitive to small perturbations of their input, e.g. adversarial noise leading to erroneous decisions. We…

Speaker recognition systems are widely used in various applications to identify a person by their voice; however, the high degree of variability in speech signals makes this a challenging task. Dealing with emotional variations is very…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Ali Bou Nassif , Ismail Shahin , Ashraf Elnagar , Divya Velayudhan , Adi Alhudhaif , Kemal Polat

Machine learning based methods achieves impressive results in object classification and detection. Utilizing representative data of the visual world during the training phase is crucial to achieve good performance with such data driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Bruno Ferrarini , Shoaib Ehsan , Adrien Bartoli , Aleš Leonardis , Klaus D. McDonald-Maier

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have played an important role in the field of deep learning. Variants of CNN's have proven to be very successful in classification tasks across different domains. However, there are two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-12 Edgar Xi , Selina Bing , Yang Jin

The basic computational unit in Capsule Network (CapsNet) is a capsule (vs. neurons in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)). A capsule is a set of neurons, which form a vector. CapsNet is used for supervised classification of data and has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Pouya Shiri , Ramin Sharifi , Amirali Baniasadi

Deep convolutional neural networks, assisted by architectural design strategies, make extensive use of data augmentation techniques and layers with a high number of feature maps to embed object transformations. That is highly inefficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Vittorio Mazzia , Francesco Salvetti , Marcello Chiaberge

Capsule network has shown various advantages over convolutional neural network (CNN). It keeps more precise spatial information than CNN and uses equivariance instead of invariance during inference and highly potential to be a new effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Zonglin Yang , Xinggang Wang

A Capsule Network (CapsNet) is a relatively new classifier and one of the possible successors of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CapsNet maintains the spatial hierarchies between the features and outperforms CNNs at classifying images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Pouya Shiri , Amirali Baniasadi

Recently, Capsule Networks (CapsNets) have shown improved performance compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), by encoding and preserving spatial relationships between the detected features in a better way. This is…

Capsule Networks attempt to represent patterns in images in a way that preserves hierarchical spatial relationships. Additionally, research has demonstrated that these techniques may be robust against adversarial perturbations. We present…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-10 Taylor Killian , Justin Goodwin , Olivia Brown , Sung-Hyun Son
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