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In order to properly handle a dangerous Artificially Intelligent (AI) system it is important to understand how the system came to be in such a state. In popular culture (science fiction movies/books) AIs/Robots became self-aware and as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Roman V. Yampolskiy

As frontier AI systems advance toward transformative capabilities, we need a parallel transformation in how we measure and evaluate these systems to ensure safety and inform governance. While benchmarks have been the primary method for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Markov Grey , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie

In this thorough study, we took a closer look at the skepticism that has arisen with respect to potential dangers associated with artificial intelligence, denoted as AI Risk Skepticism. Our study takes into account different points of view…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Vemir Michael Ambartsoumean , Roman V. Yampolskiy

Cybersecurity research involves publishing papers about malicious exploits as much as publishing information on how to design tools to protect cyber-infrastructure. It is this information exchange between ethical hackers and security…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Federico Pistono , Roman V. Yampolskiy

Potential malicious misuse of civilian artificial intelligence (AI) poses serious threats to security on a national and international level. Besides defining autonomous systems from a technological viewpoint and explaining how AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Lukas Pöhler , Valentin Schrader , Alexander Ladwein , Florian von Keller

As intelligence increases, so does its shadow. AI deception, in which systems induce false beliefs to secure self-beneficial outcomes, has evolved from a speculative concern to an empirically demonstrated risk across language models, AI…

When AI interacts with the physical world -- as a robot or an assistive agent -- new safety challenges emerge beyond those of purely ``digital AI". In such interactions, the potential for physical harm is direct and immediate. How well do…

The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Gaith Rjoub , Jamal Bentahar , Omar Abdel Wahab , Rabeb Mizouni , Alyssa Song , Robin Cohen , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

Across academia, industry, and government, there is an increasing awareness that the measurement tasks involved in evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems are especially difficult. We argue that these measurement tasks are highly…

This paper contributes a new way to evaluate AI. Much as one might evaluate a machine in terms of its performance at chess, this approach involves evaluating a machine in terms of its performance at a game called "MAD Chairs". At the time…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Chris Santos-Lang

The governance of frontier general-purpose artificial intelligence has become a public-sector problem of institutional design, not merely a technical issue of model performance. Recent evidence indicates that AI capabilities are advancing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Fabio Correa Xavier

Generative AI, in particular text-based "foundation models" (large models trained on a huge variety of information including the internet), can generate speech that could be problematic under a wide range of liability regimes. Machine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Peter Henderson , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Mark Lemley

If the authors of a recent Stanford report (Bommasani et al., 2021) on the opportunities and risks of "foundation models" are to be believed, these models represent a paradigm shift for AI and for the domains in which they will supposedly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Su Lin Blodgett , Michael Madaio

Ttraditional safety engineering is coming to a turning point moving from deterministic, non-evolving systems operating in well-defined contexts to increasingly autonomous and learning-enabled AI systems which are acting in largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Harald Rueß , Simon Burton

AI safety has emerged as a critical priority as these systems are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. We propose the first domain-agnostic AI safety ensuring framework that achieves strong safety guarantees while preserving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Beomjun Kim , Kangyeon Kim , Sunwoo Kim , Yeonsang Shin , Heejin Ahn

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

Prominent AI companies are producing 'safety frameworks' as a type of voluntary self-governance. These statements purport to establish risk thresholds and safety procedures for the development and deployment of highly capable AI.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sam Coggins , Alexander K. Saeri , Katherine A. Daniell , Lorenn P. Ruster , Jessie Liu , Jenny L. Davis

Generative AI tools are increasingly entering academic peer review workflows, raising questions about fairness, accountability, and the legitimacy of evaluative judgment. While these systems promise efficiency gains amid growing reviewer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tatiana Chakravorti , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sourojit Ghosh , Sarah Rajtmajer

The impact of frontier AI (i.e., AI agents and foundation models) in cybersecurity is rapidly increasing. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze this trend through multiple aspects: quantitative benchmarks, qualitative literature review,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yujin Potter , Wenbo Guo , Zhun Wang , Tianneng Shi , Hongwei Li , Andy Zhang , Patrick Gage Kelley , Kurt Thomas , Dawn Song

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kerem Oktar , Katherine M. Collins , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Diane Coyle , Stephen Cave , Adrian Weller , Ilia Sucholutsky