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The rapid advancement of large models, driven by their exceptional abilities in learning and generalization through large-scale pre-training, has reshaped the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These models are now foundational to a…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked concerns over their potential to acquire and misuse dangerous or high-risk capabilities, posing frontier risks. Current safety evaluations primarily test for what a model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Shayan Shabihi , Alex McAvoy , Vikash Sehwag , Yuancheng Xu , Dalton Towers , Furong Huang

Gemini is increasingly used to perform tasks on behalf of users, where function-calling and tool-use capabilities enable the model to access user data. Some tools, however, require access to untrusted data introducing risk. Adversaries can…

As generative AI systems, including large language models (LLMs) and diffusion models, advance rapidly, their growing adoption has led to new and complex security risks often overlooked in traditional AI risk assessment frameworks. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Aviral Srivastava , Sourav Panda

Generative AI (GenAI) is a powerful technology poised to reshape Trust & Safety. While misuse by attackers is a growing concern, its defensive capacity remains underexplored. This paper examines these effects through a qualitative study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Patrick Gage Kelley , Steven Rousso-Schindler , Renee Shelby , Kurt Thomas , Allison Woodruff

As a result of rapidly accelerating AI capabilities, over the past year, national governments and multinational bodies have announced efforts to address safety, security and ethics issues related to AI models. One high priority among these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jaspreet Pannu , Doni Bloomfield , Alex Zhu , Robert MacKnight , Gabe Gomes , Anita Cicero , Thomas V. Inglesby

This chapter formulates seven lessons for preventing harm in artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on insights from the field of system safety for software-based automation in safety-critical domains. New applications of AI across…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-21 Roel I. J. Dobbe

Generative AI's humanlike qualities are driving its rapid adoption in professional domains. However, this anthropomorphic appeal raises concerns from HCI and responsible AI scholars about potential hazards and harms, such as overtrust in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mark Díaz , Renee Shelby , Eric Corbett , Andrew Smart

As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Heather M. Williams , Roman V. Yampolskiy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved in recent years, showcasing remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, these advancements also raise critical ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yehor Tereshchenko , Mika Hämäläinen

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems will increasingly be used to cause harm as they grow more capable. In fact, AI systems are already starting to be used to automate fraudulent activities, violate human rights, create harmful fake images,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Markus Anderljung , Julian Hazell

The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into autonomous machines represents a major paradigm shift in how these systems operate and unlocks new solutions to problems once deemed intractable. Although generative AI agents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jason Jabbour , Vijay Janapa Reddi

There have been recent adversarial attacks that are difficult to find. These new adversarial attacks methods may pose challenges to current deep learning cyber defense systems and could influence the future defense of cyberattacks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 John Harshith , Mantej Singh Gill , Madhan Jothimani

The rapid development of AI systems poses unprecedented risks, including loss of control, misuse, geopolitical instability, and concentration of power. To navigate these risks and avoid worst-case outcomes, governments may proactively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Peter Barnett , Aaron Scher , David Abecassis

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

Agentic AI systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and endowed with planning, tool use, memory, and autonomy, are emerging as powerful, flexible platforms for automation. Their ability to autonomously execute tasks across web,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anshuman Chhabra , Shrestha Datta , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Prasant Mohapatra

The rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems have created an urgent need for standard safety-evaluation frameworks. This paper introduces AILuminate v1.0, the first comprehensive industry-standard benchmark for assessing AI-product…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaona Ghosh , Heather Frase , Adina Williams , Sarah Luger , Paul Röttger , Fazl Barez , Sean McGregor , Kenneth Fricklas , Mala Kumar , Quentin Feuillade--Montixi , Kurt Bollacker , Felix Friedrich , Ryan Tsang , Bertie Vidgen , Alicia Parrish , Chris Knotz , Eleonora Presani , Jonathan Bennion , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Mike Kuniavsky , Wiebke Hutiri , James Ezick , Malek Ben Salem , Rajat Sahay , Sujata Goswami , Usman Gohar , Ben Huang , Supheakmungkol Sarin , Elie Alhajjar , Canyu Chen , Roman Eng , Kashyap Ramanandula Manjusha , Virendra Mehta , Eileen Long , Murali Emani , Natan Vidra , Benjamin Rukundo , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Kongtao Chen , Rajat Ghosh , Vithursan Thangarasa , Pierre Peigné , Abhinav Singh , Max Bartolo , Satyapriya Krishna , Mubashara Akhtar , Rafael Gold , Cody Coleman , Luis Oala , Vassil Tashev , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Amy Russ , Sasidhar Kunapuli , Nicolas Miailhe , Julien Delaunay , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Rajat Shinde , Tuesday , Debojyoti Dutta , Declan Grabb , Ananya Gangavarapu , Saurav Sahay , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Patrick Schramowski , Stephen Singam , Tom David , Xudong Han , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Tarunima Prabhakar , Venelin Kovatchev , Rebecca Weiss , Ahmed Ahmed , Kelvin N. Manyeki , Sandeep Madireddy , Foutse Khomh , Fedor Zhdanov , Joachim Baumann , Nina Vasan , Xianjun Yang , Carlos Mougn , Jibin Rajan Varghese , Hussain Chinoy , Seshakrishna Jitendar , Manil Maskey , Claire V. Hardgrove , Tianhao Li , Aakash Gupta , Emil Joswin , Yifan Mai , Shachi H Kumar , Cigdem Patlak , Kevin Lu , Vincent Alessi , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Chenhe Gu , Robert Sullivan , James Gealy , Matt Lavrisa , James Goel , Peter Mattson , Percy Liang , Joaquin Vanschoren

Recent discussions and research in AI safety have increasingly emphasized the deep connection between AI safety and existential risk from advanced AI systems, suggesting that work on AI safety necessarily entails serious consideration of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Balint Gyevnar , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

International institutions may have an important role to play in ensuring advanced AI systems benefit humanity. International collaborations can unlock AI's ability to further sustainable development, and coordination of regulatory efforts…