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Legged robots are popular candidates for missions in challenging terrains due to the wide variety of locomotion strategies they can employ. Terrain classification is a key enabling technology for autonomous legged robots, as it allows the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Ahmadreza Ahmadi , Tønnes Nygaard , Navinda Kottege , David Howard , Nicolas Hudson

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

Legged robots must exhibit robust and agile locomotion across diverse, unstructured terrains, a challenge exacerbated under blind locomotion settings where terrain information is unavailable. This work introduces a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matheus P. Angarola , Francisco Affonso , Marcelo Becker

Although haptic sensing has recently been used for legged robot localization in extreme environments where a camera or LiDAR might fail, the problem of efficiently representing the haptic signatures in a learned prior map is still open.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Damian Sójka , Michał R. Nowicki , Piotr Skrzypczyński

Terrain-aware locomotion has become an emerging topic in legged robotics. However, it is hard to generate diverse, challenging, and realistic unstructured terrains in simulation, which limits the way researchers evaluate their locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Chong Zhang , Lizhi Yang

Mobile ground robots operating on unstructured terrain must predict which areas of the environment they are able to pass in order to plan feasible paths. We address traversability estimation as a heightmap classification problem: we build a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-20 R. Omar Chavez-Garcia , Jerome Guzzi , Luca M. Gambardella , Alessandro Giusti

Traditional place categorization approaches in robot vision assume that training and test images have similar visual appearance. Therefore, any seasonal, illumination and environmental changes typically lead to severe degradation in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Massimiliano Mancini , Samuel Rota Bulò , Barbara Caputo , Elisa Ricci

Legged robots are able to navigate complex terrains by continuously interacting with the environment through careful selection of contact sequences and timings. However, the combinatorial nature behind contact planning hinders the…

Traversing risky terrains with sparse footholds presents significant challenges for legged robots, requiring precise foot placement in safe areas. To acquire comprehensive exteroceptive information, prior studies have employed motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ruiqi Yu , Qianshi Wang , Yizhen Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

Robotic and animal mapping systems share many challenges and characteristics: they must function in a wide variety of environmental conditions, enable the robot or animal to navigate effectively to find food or shelter, and be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Litao Yu , Adam Jacobson , Michael Milford

Dynamic locomotion of legged robots is a critical yet challenging topic in expanding the operational range of mobile robots. It requires precise planning when possible footholds are sparse, robustness against uncertainties and disturbances,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Junzhe He , Chong Zhang , Fabian Jenelten , Ruben Grandia , Moritz BÄcher , Marco Hutter

Precise trajectory tracking for legged robots can be challenging due to their high degrees of freedom, unmodeled nonlinear dynamics, or random disturbances from the environment. A commonly adopted solution to overcome these challenges is to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jing Cheng , Yasser G. Alqaham , Amit K. Sanyal , Zhenyu Gan

Millirobots are a promising robotic platform for many applications due to their small size and low manufacturing costs. Legged millirobots, in particular, can provide increased mobility in complex environments and improved scaling of…

Terrain classification is a critical component of any autonomous mobile robot system operating in unknown real-world environments. Over the years, several proprioceptive terrain classification techniques have been introduced to increase…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Abhinav Valada , Wolfram Burgard

Quadrupedal mobile robots can traverse a wider range of terrain types than their wheeled counterparts but do not perform the same on all terrain types. These robots are prone to undesirable behaviours like sinking and slipping on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sophie Villemure , Jefferson Silveira , Joshua A. Marshall

Legged robots are becoming increasingly powerful and popular in recent years for their potential to bring the mobility of autonomous agents to the next level. This work presents a deep reinforcement learning approach that learns a robust…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Zhaocheng Liu , Fernando Acero , Zhibin Li

Quadrupedal locomotion over complex terrain has been a long-standing research topic in robotics. While recent reinforcement learning-based locomotion methods improve generalizability and foot-placement precision, they rely on implicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Matthew Hwang , Yubin Liu , Ryo Hakoda , Takeshi Oishi

Dynamic locomotion in rough terrain requires accurate foot placement, collision avoidance, and planning of the underactuated dynamics of the system. Reliably optimizing for such motions and interactions in the presence of imperfect and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Ruben Grandia , Fabian Jenelten , Shaohui Yang , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

LiDAR-based localization and mapping is one of the core components in many modern robotic systems due to the direct integration of range and geometry, allowing for precise motion estimation and generation of high quality maps in real-time.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Julian Nubert , Etienne Walther , Shehryar Khattak , Marco Hutter

Computing stabilizing and optimal control actions for legged locomotion in real time is difficult due to the nonlinear, hybrid, and high dimensional nature of these robots. The hybrid nature of the system introduces a combination of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zachary Olkin , Aaron D. Ames
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