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Related papers: String attractors and bi-infinite words

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The problem of detecting and measuring the repetitiveness of one-dimensional strings has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. Our understanding of these issues has been significantly improved by the introduction…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Lorenzo Carfagna , Giovanni Manzini , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino , Cristian Urbina

Trapezoidal words are finite words having at most n+1 distinct factors of length n, for every n>=0. They encompass finite Sturmian words. We distinguish trapezoidal words into two disjoint subsets: open and closed trapezoidal words. A…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Gabriele Fici

We give a combinatorial definition of the second parameter describing Sturmian words, that we call formal intercept, as an infinite Ostrowski expansion. We recall the well-known properties of Sturmian words, study factors graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Caius Wojcik

We prove that if a uniformly recurrent infinite word contains as a factor any finite permutation of words from an infinite family, then either this word is periodic, or its complexity (that is, the number of factors) grows faster than…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-29 Anna E. Frid

We review a bit our earlier novel string field theory\cite{self2,self8} stressing the interesting property, that it becomes expressed in terms of particle like objects called by us "objects" which in our formalism do not at all develop in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-11 Holger Bech Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

We define string geometry: spaces of superstrings including the interactions, their topologies, charts, and metrics. Trajectories in asymptotic processes on a space of strings reproduce the right moduli space of the super Riemann surfaces…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Matsuo Sato

We show that it is decidable, given an automatic sequence $\bf s$ and a constant $c$, whether all prefixes of $\bf s$ have a string attractor of size $\leq c$. Using a decision procedure based on this result, we show that all prefixes of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luke Schaeffer , Jeffrey Shallit

Return words constitute a powerful tool for studying symbolic dynamical systems. They may be regarded as a discrete analogue of the first return map in dynamical systems. In this paper we investigate two abelian variants of the notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-27 Svetlana Puzynina , Luca Q. Zamboni

In this paper we propose a new, more appropriate definition of regular and indeterminate strings. A regular string is one that is "isomorphic" to a string whose entries all consist of a single letter, but which nevertheless may itself…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Felipe A. Louza , Neerja Mhaskar , W. F. Smyth

This paper refined and introduced some notations (namely attractors, physical attractors, proper attractors, topologically exact and topologically mixing) within the context of relations. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Aliasghar Sarizadeh

Quasi-Sturmian words, which are infinite words with factor complexity eventually $n+c$ share many properties with Sturmian words. In this paper, we study the quasi-Sturmian colorings on regular trees. There are two different types, bounded…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Dong Han Kim , Seul Bee Lee , Seonhee Lim , Deokwon Sim

A word is called closed if it has a prefix which is also its suffix and there is no internal occurrences of this prefix in the word. In this paper we study words that are rich in closed factors, i.e., which contain the maximal possible…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Olga Parshina , Svetlana Puzynina

The avoidability, or unavoidability of patterns in words over finite alphabets has been studied extensively. A word (pattern) over a finite set is said to be unavoidable if, for all but finitely many words, there exists a morphism mapping…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Paul Sauer

We consider questions related to the structure of infinite words (over an integer alphabet) with bounded additive complexity, i.e., words with the property that the number of distinct sums exhibited by factors of the same length is bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-24 Graham Banero

A finite word is closed if it contains a factor that occurs both as a prefix and as a suffix but does not have internal occurrences, otherwise it is open. We are interested in the {\it oc-sequence} of a word, which is the binary sequence…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici , Luca Q. Zamboni

A closed word (a.k.a. periodic-like word or complete first return) is a word whose longest border does not have internal occurrences, or, equivalently, whose longest repeated prefix is not right special. We investigate the structure of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-12-02 Golnaz Badkobeh , Gabriele Fici , Zsuzsanna Lipták

String theory and supersymmetry are theoretical ideas that go beyond the standard model of particle physics and show promise for unifying all forces. After a brief introduction to supersymmetry, we discuss the prospects for its experimental…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 John H. Schwarz , Nathan Seiberg

We have constructed a new formalism for describing a situation with {\color{red} several (dual) strings} present at a time, a {\color{red} string field theory}, by means of a constituent / a strings from objects picture similar to, but…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Holger Bech Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

This paper describes the probabilistic behaviour of a random Sturmian word. It performs the probabilistic analysis of the recurrence function which can be viewed as a waiting time to discover all the factors of length $n$ of the Sturmian…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-06 Pablo Rotondo , Brigitte Vallee

A square is the concatenation of a nonempty word with itself. A word has period p if its letters at distance p match. The exponent of a nonempty word is the quotient of its length over its smallest period. In this article we give a proof of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-07-25 Golnaz Badkobeh , Maxime Crochemore