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Smart contracts have recently been adopted by many security protocols. However, existing studies lack satisfactory theoretical support on how contracts benefit security protocols. This paper aims to give a systematic analysis of smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Rujia Li , Qin Wang , Qi Wang , David Galindo

Smart contracts are programs stored and executed on a blockchain. The Ethereum platform, an open-source blockchain-based platform, has been designed to use these programs offering secured protocols and transaction costs reduction. The…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Jeremy Charlier , Radu State , Jean Hilger

Smart contracts are small but highly security-critical programs that implement wallets, token systems, auctions, crowd funding systems, elections, and other multi-party transactions on the blockchain. A broad range of methods has been…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Norine Coenen , Bernd Finkbeiner , Jana Hofmann , Julia Tillman

We examine blockchain technologies, especially smart contracts, as a platform for decentralized applications. By providing a basis for consensus, blockchain promises to upend business models that presuppose a central authority. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Munindar P. Singh , Amit K. Chopra

Ethereum Smart contracts use blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. These programs are deployed on decentralized applications running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies are gaining unprecedented popularity and understanding. Meanwhile, Ethereum is gaining a significant popularity in the blockchain community, mainly due to the fact that it is designed in a way that enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-06 TonTon Hsien-De Huang

The rapid adoption of blockchain technology highlighted the importance of ensuring the security of smart contracts due to their critical role in automated business logic execution on blockchain platforms. This paper provides an empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Francesco Salzano , Cosmo Kevin Antenucci , Simone Scalabrino , Giovanni Rosa , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

With the advance application of blockchain technology in various fields, ensuring the security and stability of smart contracts has emerged as a critical challenge. Current security analysis methodologies in vulnerability detection can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chenyang Peng , Haijun Wang , Yin Wu , Hao Wu , Ming Fan , Yitao Zhao , Ting Liu

Solidity is the predominant programming language for blockchain-based smart contracts, and its characteristics pose significant challenges for code analysis and maintenance. Traditional software analysis approaches, while effective for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Luca Ruschioni , Robert Shuttleworth , Rumyana Neykova , Barbara Re , Giuseppe Destefanis

In the realm of smart contract security, transaction malice detection has been able to leverage properties of transaction traces to identify hacks with high accuracy. However, these methods cannot be applied in real-time to revert malicious…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Zhiyang Chen , Jan Gorzny , Martin Derka

The execution of decentralized applications on blockchains is limited today by technical and organizational barriers, including scalability and the high complexity to specify execution correctly for developers as well as for domain experts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Felix Härer

In recent years Smart Contracts and DApps are becoming increasingly important and widespread thanks to the properties of blockchain technology. In most cases DApps are business critical, and very strict security requirements should be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Livio Pompianu , Roberto Tonelli

Events in the Solidity language provide a means of communication between the on-chain services of decentralized applications and the users of those services. Events are commonly used as an abstraction of contract execution that is relevant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Ákos Hajdu , Dejan Jovanović , Gabriela Ciocarlie

This paper presents OVer, a framework designed to automatically analyze the behavior of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols when subjected to a "skewed" oracle input. OVer firstly performs symbolic analysis on the given contract and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Xun Deng , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Cyrus Minwalla , Han Du , Andreas Veneris , Fan Long

Smart Contracts (SCs) in Ethereum can automate tasks and provide different functionalities to a user. Such automation is enabled by the `Turing-complete' nature of the programming language (Solidity) in which SCs are written. This also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Rachit Agarwal , Tanmay Thapliyal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Smart contracts written in Solidity are programs used in blockchain networks, such as Etherium, for performing transactions. However, as with any piece of software, they are prone to errors and may present vulnerabilities, which malicious…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Kunjian Song , Nedas Matulevicius , Eddie B. de Lima Filho , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Smart contracts are the fundamental components of blockchain technology. They are programs to determine cryptocurrency transactions, and are irreversible once deployed, making it crucial for cryptocurrency investors to understand the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xiaolin Wen , Tai D. Nguyen , Lun Zhang , Jun Sun , Yong Wang

Software applications that run on a blockchain platform are known as DApps. DApps are built using smart contracts, which are immutable after deployment. Just like any real-world software system, DApps need to receive new features and bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Amir M. Ebrahimi , Bram Adams , Gustavo A. Oliva , Ahmed E. Hassan

Smart contracts are full-fledged programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum, one of the most popular blockchains). In Ethereum, gas (in Ether, a cryptographic currency like Bitcoin) is the execution fee compensating the computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Ting Chen , Xiaoqi Li , Xiapu Luo , Xiaosong Zhang

As blockchain technology and smart contracts become widely adopted, securing them throughout every stage of the transaction process is essential. The concern of improved security for smart contracts is to find and detect vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 S M Mostaq Hossain , Amani Altarawneh , Jesse Roberts