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This paper introduces a new technique for dynamic verification of component-based real-time systems based on statistical inference. Verifying such systems requires checking two types of properties: functional and real-time. For functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Chandrakana Nandi , Aurelien Monot , Manuel Oriol

Smart Contracts are essential blockchain components, mainly written in Solidity. The high availability of public Solidity code leads to frequent reuse and high clone ratios. Since cloning can propagate vulnerabilities and flaws, effective…

Comprehensive and well-defined specifications are necessary to perform rigorous and thorough validation of system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Message flows specify how components of an SoC design communicate and coordinate with each other to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-25 MD Rubel Ahmed , Hao Zheng , Parijat Mukherjee , Mahesh C. Ketkar , Jin Yang

Smart contracts are regarded as one of the most promising and appealing notions in blockchain technology. Their self-enforcing and event-driven features make some online activities possible without a trusted third party. Nevertheless,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Bin Hu , Zongyang Zhang , Jianwei Liu , Yizhong Liu , Jiayuan Yin , Rongxing Lu , Xiaodong Lin

Nowadays, more and more applications are developed for running on a distributed ledger technology, namely dApps. The business logic of dApps is usually implemented within smart contracts developed through Solidity, a programming language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Andrea Di Sorbo , Sonia Laudanna , Anna Vacca , Corrado A. Visaggio , Gerardo Canfora

The blockchain constitutes a technology-based, rather than social or regulation based, means to lower uncertainty about one another in order to exchange value. However, its use may very well also lead to increased complexity resulting from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Henry Kim , Marek Laskowski

Smart contracts hold digital coins worth billions of dollars, their security issues have drawn extensive attention in the past years. Towards smart contract vulnerability detection, conventional methods heavily rely on fixed expert rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiang Wang , Lei Zhu , Qinming He , Shouling Ji

Specification mining offers a solution by automating security specification for hardware. Specification miners use a form of machine learning to specify behaviors of a system by studying a system in execution. However, specification mining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Calvin Deutschbein

Contracts specifying a procedure's behavior in terms of pre- and postconditions are essential for scalable software verification, but cannot express any constraints on the events occurring during execution of the procedure. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Richard Bubel , Dilian Gurov , Reiner Hähnle , Marco Scaletta

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met. However, designing and implementing a smart contract is not trivial since upon deployment on a blockchain, it is no longer possible to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chaïmaa Benabbou , Önder Gürcan

With the escalating prevalence of malicious activities exploiting vulnerabilities in blockchain systems, there is an urgent requirement for robust attack detection mechanisms. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel…

Semantic code search technology allows searching for existing code snippets through natural language, which can greatly improve programming efficiency. Smart contracts, programs that run on the blockchain, have a code reuse rate of more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Chaochen Shi , Yong Xiang , Jiangshan Yu , Longxiang Gao

The blockchain technology has been used for recording state transitions of smart contracts - decentralized applications that can be invoked through external transactions. Smart contracts gained popularity and accrued hundreds of billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Nikolay Ivanov , Chenning Li , Qiben Yan , Zhiyuan Sun , Zhichao Cao , Xiapu Luo

This paper introduces a method for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts using static analysis and a multi-objective optimization algorithm. We focus on four types of vulnerabilities: reentrancy, call stack overflow, integer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Dongcheng Li , W. Eric Wong , Xiaodan Wang , Sean Pan , Liang-Seng Koh

The development of blockchain technologies has enabled the trustless execution of so-called smart contracts, i.e. programs that regulate the exchange of assets (e.g., cryptocurrency) between users. In a decentralized blockchain, the state…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

Smart contracts, integral to blockchain ecosystems, enable decentralized applications to execute predefined operations without intermediaries. Their ability to enforce trustless interactions has made them a core component of platforms such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mesut Ozdag

Decentralized applications (DApps) face significant security risks due to vulnerabilities in smart contracts, with traditional detection methods struggling to address emerging and machine-unauditable flaws. This paper proposes a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiuyang Bu , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

In recent years, research in software security has concentrated on identifying vulnerabilities in smart contracts to prevent significant losses of crypto assets on blockchains. Despite early successes in this area, detecting developers'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Jiachun Tao , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

This research study explores the use of near-miss clone detection to support the characterization of domain models of smart contracts for each of the popular domains in which smart contracts are being rapidly adopted. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan