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We explore the methodology and theory of reward-directed generation via conditional diffusion models. Directed generation aims to generate samples with desired properties as measured by a reward function, which has broad applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Hui Yuan , Kaixuan Huang , Chengzhuo Ni , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

Diffusion models, a powerful and universal generative AI technology, have achieved tremendous success in computer vision, audio, reinforcement learning, and computational biology. In these applications, diffusion models provide flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Minshuo Chen , Song Mei , Jianqing Fan , Mengdi Wang

AI-driven design problems, such as DNA/protein sequence design, are commonly tackled from two angles: generative modeling, which efficiently captures the feasible design space (e.g., natural images or biological sequences), and model-based…

The latest advances in artificial intelligence (AI) present many unprecedented opportunities to achieve much improved bandwidth saving in communications. Unlike conventional communication systems focusing on packet transport, rich datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Achintha Wijesinghe , Songyang Zhang , Suchinthaka Wanninayaka , Weiwei Wang , Zhi Ding

This study presents a generative optimization framework that builds on a fine-tuned diffusion model and reward-directed sampling to generate high-performance engineering designs. The framework adopts a parametric representation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hadi Keramati , Patrick Kirchen , Mohammed Hannan , Rajeev K. Jaiman

Semantic communications mark a paradigm shift from bit-accurate transmission toward meaning-centric communication, essential as wireless systems approach theoretical capacity limits. The emergence of generative AI has catalyzed generative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hai-Long Qin , Jincheng Dai , Guo Lu , Shuo Shao , Sixian Wang , Tongda Xu , Wenjun Zhang , Ping Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Diffusion Models have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI for their exceptional generation quality and controllability. However, their inherent \textit{multi-step iterations} and \textit{complex backbone networks} lead to…

Recent advances in denoising diffusion models have enabled rapid generation of optimized structures for topology optimization. However, these models often rely on surrogate predictors to enforce physical constraints, which may fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Euihyun Kim , Keun Park , Yeoneung Kim

This paper presents an evolvable conditional diffusion method such that black-box, non-differentiable multi-physics models, as are common in domains like computational fluid dynamics and electromagnetics, can be effectively used for guiding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhao Wei , Chin Chun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Jian Cheng Wong , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Sheares Xue Wen Toh , Yew-Soon Ong

In this paper, we introduce an innovative application of artificial intelligence in the realm of interior design through the integration of Stable Diffusion and Dreambooth models. This paper explores the potential of these advanced…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Kaiwen Zhou , Tianyu Wang

Missing value imputation in machine learning is the task of estimating the missing values in the dataset accurately using available information. In this task, several deep generative modeling methods have been proposed and demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Shuhan Zheng , Nontawat Charoenphakdee

Synthetic dataset generation in Computer Vision, particularly for industrial applications, is still underexplored. Industrial defect segmentation, for instance, requires highly accurate labels, yet acquiring such data is costly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Emanuele Caruso , Alessandro Simoni , Francesco Pelosin

Design inspiration is crucial for establishing the direction of a design as well as evoking feelings and conveying meanings during the conceptual design process. Many practice designers use text-based searches on platforms like Pinterest to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ye Wang , Nicole B. Damen , Thomas Gale , Voho Seo , Hooman Shayani

Controllable layout generation aims at synthesizing plausible arrangement of element bounding boxes with optional constraints, such as type or position of a specific element. In this work, we try to solve a broad range of layout generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Naoto Inoue , Kotaro Kikuchi , Edgar Simo-Serra , Mayu Otani , Kota Yamaguchi

Optimizing high-dimensional and complex black-box functions is crucial in numerous scientific applications. While Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful method for sample-efficient optimization, it struggles with the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Taeyoung Yun , Kiyoung Om , Jaewoo Lee , Sujin Yun , Jinkyoo Park

The recent wave of large-scale text-to-image diffusion models has dramatically increased our text-based image generation abilities. These models can generate realistic images for a staggering variety of prompts and exhibit impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Alexander C. Li , Mihir Prabhudesai , Shivam Duggal , Ellis Brown , Deepak Pathak

Deep generative models, particularly denoising diffusion models, have achieved remarkable success in high-fidelity generation of architected microstructures with desired properties and styles. Nevertheless, these recent methods typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weipeng Xu , Ziyuan Xie , Haoju Lin , Xinyu Wang , Guangjin Mou , Tianju Xue

This study proposes a UI interface generation method based on a diffusion model, aiming to achieve high-quality, diversified, and personalized interface design through generative artificial intelligence technology. The diffusion model is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yifei Duan , Liuqingqing Yang , Tong Zhang , Zhijun Song , Fenghua Shao

Diffusion models have shown promising results for a wide range of generative tasks with continuous data, such as image and audio synthesis. However, little progress has been made on using diffusion models to generate discrete symbolic music…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jincheng Zhang , György Fazekas , Charalampos Saitis

Generative AI models have recently achieved astonishing results in quality and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. However, since they are highly data-driven, relying on billion-sized datasets randomly…

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