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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as epistemic partners in everyday reasoning, yet their errors remain predominantly analyzed through predictive metrics rather than through their interpretive effects on human judgment. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Claudia Vale Oliveira , Nelson Zagalo , Filipe Silva , Anabela Brandao , Syeda Faryal Hussain Khurrum , Joaquim Santos

Previous literatures show that pre-trained masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT can achieve competitive factual knowledge extraction performance on some datasets, indicating that MLMs can potentially be a reliable knowledge source. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Lingyong Yan , Meng Liao , Tong Xue , Jin Xu

In this paper, the second of two companion pieces, we explore novel philosophical questions raised by recent progress in large language models (LLMs) that go beyond the classical debates covered in the first part. We focus particularly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Raphaël Millière , Cameron Buckner

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

We argue that language models (LMs) have strong potential as investigative tools for probing the distinction between possible and impossible natural languages and thus uncovering the inductive biases that support human language learning. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Julie Kallini , Christopher Potts

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable similarity to neural activity in the human language network. However, the key properties of language shaping brain-like representations, and their evolution during training as a function of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Yingtian Tang , Taha Binhuraib , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

Despite their outstanding performance, large language models (LLMs) suffer notorious flaws related to their preference for simple, surface-level textual relations over full semantic complexity of the problem. This proposal investigates a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Michal Štefánik

Causal inference is one of the hallmarks of human intelligence. While the field of CausalNLP has attracted much interest in the recent years, existing causal inference datasets in NLP primarily rely on discovering causality from empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Zhijing Jin , Jiarui Liu , Zhiheng Lyu , Spencer Poff , Mrinmaya Sachan , Rada Mihalcea , Mona Diab , Bernhard Schölkopf

The ability to build and reason about models of the world is essential for situated language understanding. But evaluating world modeling capabilities in modern AI systems -- especially those based on language models -- has proven…

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generating non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are recruited in applications that span from clinical assistance and legal support to question answering and education. Their success in specialized tasks has led to the claim that they possess human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Vittoria Dentella , Fritz Guenther , Elliot Murphy , Gary Marcus , Evelina Leivada

This article analyzes the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as support for the conceptual modeling of relational databases through the automatic generation of Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams from natural language requirements. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Arthur F. Siqueira , Carlos D. S. Nogueira , Eduarda Farias , Claudio E. C. Campelo , Júlia Menezes

Human languages are full of metaphorical expressions. Metaphors help people understand the world by connecting new concepts and domains to more familiar ones. Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) are therefore assumed to encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ehsan Aghazadeh , Mohsen Fayyaz , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible performance in completing various real-world tasks. The current paradigm of knowledge learning for LLMs is mainly based on learning from examples, in which LLMs learn the internal rule…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen

Can Large Language Models understand how students learn? As LLMs are deployed for adaptive testing and personalized tutoring, this question becomes urgent -- yet we cannot answer it with existing resources. Current educational datasets…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Eamon Worden , Cristina Heffernan , Neil Heffernan , Shashank Sonkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown extraordinary capabilities in understanding and generating text that closely mirrors human communication. However, a primary limitation lies in the significant computational demands during training,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming language sciences. However, their widespread deployment currently suffers from methodological fragmentation and a lack of systematic soundness. This study proposes two comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Kun Sun , Rong Wang

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on large-scale pretrained foundation models (PFMs) such as vision-language models, large language models (LLMs), diffusion models and vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Alhassan Mumuni , Fuseini Mumuni

The non-humanlike behaviour of contemporary pre-trained language models (PLMs) is a leading cause undermining their trustworthiness. A striking phenomenon of such faulty behaviours is the generation of inconsistent predictions, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve breakthrough performance on complex logical reasoning tasks. Nevertheless, most existing research focuses on employing formal language to guide LLMs to derive reliable reasoning paths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jin Jiang , Jianing Wang , Yuchen Yan , Yang Liu , Jianhua Zhu , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Liangcai Gao