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Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial task in machine learning with various applications, such as detecting emerging diseases, identifying financial frauds, and detecting fake news. However, obtaining complete, accurate, and precise labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Minqi Jiang , Chaochuan Hou , Ao Zheng , Xiyang Hu , Songqiao Han , Hailiang Huang , Xiangnan He , Philip S. Yu , Yue Zhao

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to discover behaviors or events deviating from the normality in videos. As a long-standing task in the field of computer vision, VAD has witnessed much good progress. In the era of deep learning, with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peng Wu , Chengyu Pan , Yuting Yan , Guansong Pang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Time-series anomaly detection is an important task and has been widely applied in the industry. Since manual data annotation is expensive and inefficient, most applications adopt unsupervised anomaly detection methods, but the results are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Hong Guo , Yujing Wang , Jieyu Zhang , Zhengjie Lin , Yunhai Tong , Lei Yang , Luoxing Xiong , Congrui Huang

Automatic traffic accidents detection has appealed to the machine vision community due to its implications on the development of autonomous intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and importance to traffic safety. Most previous studies on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yajun Xu , Chuwen Huang , Yibing Nan , Shiguo Lian

Anomaly detection, finding patterns that substantially deviate from those seen previously, is one of the fundamental problems of artificial intelligence. Recently, classification-based methods were shown to achieve superior results on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Liron Bergman , Yedid Hoshen

The robust causal capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) hold the potential of detecting defective objects in Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD). However, most traditional IAD methods lack the ability to provide multi-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zewen Li , Zitong Yu , Qilang Ye , Weicheng Xie , Wei Zhuo , Linlin Shen

Retrieving rare and safety-critical driving scenarios from large-scale datasets is essential for building robust autonomous driving (AD) systems. As dataset sizes continue to grow, the key challenge shifts from collecting more data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Felix Embacher , Jonas Uhrig , Marius Cordts , Markus Enzweiler

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) plays an important role in modern data analytics and it is crucial to provide simple yet effective and guaranteed UAD algorithms for real applications. In this paper, we present a novel UAD method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wei Dai , Kai Hwang , Jicong Fan

In the progress of industrial anomaly detection, general anomaly detection (GAD) is an emerging trend and also the ultimate goal. Unlike the conventional single- and multi-class AD, general AD aims to train a general AD model that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xincheng Yao , Zefeng Qian , Chao Shi , Jiayang Song , Chongyang Zhang

Responding to the challenge of detecting unusual radar targets in a well identified environment, innovative anomaly and novelty detection methods keep emerging in the literature. This work aims at presenting a benchmark gathering common and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Martin Bauw , Santiago Velasco-Forero , Jesus Angulo , Claude Adnet , Olivier Airiau

With the rapid advancement of generative models, highly realistic image synthesis has posed new challenges to digital security and media credibility. Although AI-generated image detection methods have partially addressed these concerns, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chunxiao Li , Xiaoxiao Wang , Meiling Li , Boming Miao , Peng Sun , Yunjian Zhang , Xiangyang Ji , Yao Zhu

Though anomaly detection (AD) can be viewed as a classification problem (nominal vs. anomalous) it is usually treated in an unsupervised manner since one typically does not have access to, or it is infeasible to utilize, a dataset that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Lukas Ruff , Robert A. Vandermeulen , Billy Joe Franks , Klaus-Robert Müller , Marius Kloft

Detection of artificial objects from underwater imagery gathered by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is a key requirement for many subsea applications. Real-world AUV image datasets tend to be very large and unlabelled. Furthermore,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Suraj Bijjahalli , Oscar Pizarro , Stefan B. Williams

This paper introduces a novel anomaly detection (AD) problem aimed at identifying `odd-looking' objects within a scene by comparing them to other objects present. Unlike traditional AD benchmarks with fixed anomaly criteria, our task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ankan Bhunia , Changjian Li , Hakan Bilen

Semiconductor manufacturing is a complex, multistage process. Automated visual inspection of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images is indispensable for minimizing equipment downtime and containing costs. Most previous research considers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Manuel Barusco , Francesco Borsatti , Youssef Ben Khalifa , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

In modern manufacturing, Visual Anomaly Detection (VAD) is essential for automated inspection and consistent product quality. Yet, increasingly dynamic and flexible production environments introduce key challenges: First, frequent product…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Haoyu Ren , Kay Koehle , Kirill Dorofeev , Darko Anicic

Anomaly detection is fundamental for ensuring quality control and operational efficiency in industrial environments, yet conventional approaches face significant challenges when training data contains mislabeled samples-a common occurrence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Muhammad Aqeel , Shakiba Sharifi , Marco Cristani , Francesco Setti

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) aims to identify abnormal regions by establishing correspondences between test images and normal templates. Existing methods primarily rely on image reconstruction or template retrieval but face a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingxiu Cai , Zhe Zhang , Gaochang Wu , Tianyou Chai , Xiatian Zhu

Current progress in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is limited by the lack of large, high-quality datasets with clearly defined OOD categories across varying difficulty levels (near- to far-OOD) that support both fine- and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

Industrial anomaly detection (IAD) plays a crucial role in maintaining the safety and reliability of manufacturing systems. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong vision-language reasoning abilities, their effectiveness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wei Guan , Jun Lan , Jian Cao , Hao Tan , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang