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This work establishes a framework of near-field communication under different array geometries of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO). We first formulate the near-field spatial non-stationary channel model which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kangda Zhi , Yi Song , Tianyu Yang , Tuo Wu , Tengjiao Wang , Songyan Xue , Fangzhou Wu , Giuseppe Caire

This paper proposes a novel pilot scheme for multi-user uplink channel estimation in extra-large-scale massive MIMO (XL-MIMO) systems with extremely large aperture arrays (ELAA). The large aperture of ELAA introduces spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Yumeng Zhang , Huayan Guo , Vincent Lau

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems operating at sub-THz carrier frequencies represent a promising solution to meet the demands of next-generation wireless applications. This work focuses on sparse channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Vidya Bhasker Shukla , Italo Atzeni

This paper proposes a grant-free massive access scheme based on the millimeter wave (mmWave) extra-large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) to support massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices with low latency, high data rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Li Qiao , Anwen Liao , Zhuoran Li , Hua Wang , Zhen Gao , Xiang Gao , Yu Su , Pei Xiao , Li You , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering massive spatial degrees of freedom. Despite these advantages, the coexistence of near-field and far-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Renbin Li , Shuangshuang Li , Peihao Dong

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems are a key technology for future wireless networks, but the large array aperture naturally creates a hybrid-field (HF) propagation regime in which far-field (FF)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-04 David William Marques Guerra , Taufik Abrao

Extremely large antenna array (ELAA) is key to enhancing spectral efficiency in 6G networks. Leveraging the distributed nature of multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems enables the formation of distributed ELAA, which often operate in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Tianyu Huo , Jian Xiong , Yiyan Wu , Songjie Yang , Bo Liu , Wenjun Zhang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

This paper investigates near-field XL-MIMO systems with sparse uniform planar arrays (UPAs). Based on the Green's function-based channel model, the paper derives closed-form expressions for the signal beam power when the distance coordinate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Xianzhe Chen , Hong Ren , Cunhua Pan , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Jiangzhou Wang

In this paper, a novel environmental mapping method is proposed to outline the indoor layout utilizing the line-of-sight (LoS) state information of extremely large aperture array (ELAA) channels. It leverages the spatial resolution provided…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jiuyu Liu , Chunmei Xu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli , Ahmed Elzanaty

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems are expected to adopt extremely large aperture arrays (ELAAs), novel antenna architectures, and operate in extremely high-frequency bands to meet growing data demands. ELAAs significantly increase…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Wen-Xuan Long , Shengyu Ye , Marco Moretti , Michele Morelli , Luca Sanguinetti , Rui Chen , Cheng-Xiang Wang

This work focuses on channel estimation in extremely large aperture array (ELAA) systems, where near-field propagation and spatial non-stationarity introduce complexities that hinder the effectiveness of traditional estimation techniques. A…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Thibaut Ceulemans , Cel Thys , Robbert Beerten , Zhuangzhuang Cui , Sofie Pollin

In 6G communications, it is envisioned to equip the traditional access point (AP) with sensing capability to fully benefit the existing wireless communication infrastructures. Thus, sensing-assisted communication has attracted significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Hui Zhou , Xiaolan Liu , Sangarapillai Lambotharan

As a promising technique, extremely large-scale (XL)-arrays offer potential solutions for overcoming the severe path loss in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and TeraHertz (THz) channels, crucial for enabling 6G. Nevertheless, XL-arrays introduce…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Zhongpei Zhang , Chau Yuen

In this paper, we propose a novel transmission scheme, called sparse layered MIMO (SL-MIMO), that combines non-orthogonal transmission and singular value decomposition (SVD) precoding. Nonorthogonality in SL-MIMO allows re-using of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Mohamad H. Dinan , Nemanja Stefan Perovic , Mark F. Flanagan

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) communications. However, near-field channel estimation is particularly challenging due to spherical-wave propagation and spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Qingxia Feng , Pan Fang , Meng Hua , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems. Nevertheless, the increase in array aperture and signal bandwidth brings new challenges to wideband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Qingxia Feng , Yin Fang , Meng Hua , Cheng Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is regarded as one of the key techniques to enhance the performance of future wireless communications. Different from regular MIMO, the XL-MIMO shifts part of the communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Kangjian Chen , Chenhao Qi , Jingjia Huang , Octavia A. Dobre , Geoffrey Ye Li

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) communications can significantly improve the spectral efficiency and spatial resolution, and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks. A crucial problem in XL-array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Renwang Li , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao

Extremely large aperture array (ELAA) is a promising multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique for next generation mobile networks. In this paper, we propose two novel approaches to accelerate the convergence of current iterative MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jiuyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli