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Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in generative tasks, such as image and video synthesis. However, they still often produce hallucinated samples (hallucinations) that conflict with real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shuai Fu , Jian Zhou , Qi Chen , Huang Jing , Huy Anh Nguyen , Xiaohan Liu , Zhixiong Zeng , Lin Ma , Quanshi Zhang , Qi Wu

Despite significant progress in the quality of language generated from abstractive summarization models, these models still exhibit the tendency to hallucinate, i.e., output content not supported by the source document. A number of works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Liam van der Poel , Ryan Cotterell , Clara Meister

Hallucinations are outputs by Large Language Models (LLMs) that are factually incorrect yet appear plausible [1]. This paper investigates how such hallucinations influence users' trust in LLMs and users' interaction with LLMs. To explore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Adrian Ryser , Florian Allwein , Tim Schlippe

Hallucination is a persistent challenge in large language models (LLMs), where even with rigorous quality control, models often generate distorted facts. This paradox, in which error generation continues despite high-quality training data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuji Zhang , Sha Li , Cheng Qian , Jiateng Liu , Pengfei Yu , Chi Han , Yi R. Fung , Kathleen McKeown , Chengxiang Zhai , Manling Li , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their tendency to hallucinate poses serious challenges for reliable deployment. Despite numerous hallucination detection methods, their evaluations often rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Denis Janiak , Jakub Binkowski , Albert Sawczyn , Bogdan Gabrys , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

LLMs obtain remarkable performance but suffer from hallucinations. Most research on detecting hallucination focuses on the questions with short and concrete correct answers that are easy to check the faithfulness. Hallucination detections…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xinyue Fang , Zhen Huang , Zhiliang Tian , Minghui Fang , Ziyi Pan , Quntian Fang , Zhihua Wen , Hengyue Pan , Dongsheng Li

Despite extensive research, Large Language Models continue to hallucinate when generating code, particularly when using libraries. On NL-to-code benchmarks that require library use, we find that LLMs generate code that uses non-existent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Clarissa Miranda-Pena , Andrew Reeson , Cécile Paris , Josiah Poon , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, detecting hallucinated content$\unicode{x2013}$text that is not grounded in supporting evidence$\unicode{x2013}$has become a critical challenge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Deanna Emery , Michael Goitia , Freddie Vargus , Iulia Neagu

Large language models (LLMs) have gained broad applications across various domains but still struggle with hallucinations. Currently, hallucinations occur frequently in the generation of factual content and pose a great challenge to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zouying Cao , Yifei Yang , XiaoJing Li , Hai Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable but face latency challenges in real-time applications, such as conducting online hallucination detection. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel framework that leverages a small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal , Alex Deng

Hallucinations in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems refer to fluent and coherent transcriptions produced by neural ASR models that are completely unrelated to the underlying acoustic input (i.e., the speech signal). While similar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Alkis Koudounas , Moreno La Quatra , Manuel Giollo , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Elena Baralis

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) primarily align image features of vision encoder with Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage their superior text generation capabilities. However, the scale disparity between vision encoder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Shi Liu , Kecheng Zheng , Wei Chen

Hallucinations are a type of output error produced by deep neural networks. While this has been studied in natural language processing, they have not been researched previously in automatic speech recognition. Here, we define hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Rita Frieske , Bertram E. Shi

In the era of large language models (LLMs), hallucination (i.e., the tendency to generate factually incorrect content) poses great challenge to trustworthy and reliable deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. To tackle the LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Junyi Li , Jie Chen , Ruiyang Ren , Xiaoxue Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models(LLMs) excel at text generation and knowledge question-answering tasks, but they are prone to generating hallucinated content, severely limiting their application in high-risk domains. Current hallucination detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shize Liang , Hongzhi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as a writing aid for professionals performing legal analyses. However, LLMs can often hallucinate in this setting, in ways difficult to recognize by non-professionals and existing text evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abe Bohan Hou , William Jurayj , Nils Holzenberger , Andrew Blair-Stanek , Benjamin Van Durme

We show that language models hallucinate not because they fail to detect uncertainty, but because of a failure to integrate it into output generation. Across architectures, uncertain inputs are reliably identified, occupying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Valeria Ruscio , Keiran Thompson

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks, but visual object hallucination remains a persistent issue. It refers to scenarios where models generate inaccurate visual object-related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Liqiang Jing , Guiming Hardy Chen , Ehsan Aghazadeh , Xin Eric Wang , Xinya Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks but remain susceptible to hallucinations, confidently generated yet factually incorrect outputs. We introduce a reference-free,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Keshav Kumar