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Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) is a well-established practice that automatically builds, tests, packages, and deploys software systems. To adopt CI/CD, software developers need to configure their projects using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Taher A. Ghaleb , Osamah Abduljalil , Safwat Hassan

Managing technical debt (TD) is critical to ensure the sustainability of long-term software projects. However, the time and cost involved in technical debt management (TDM) often discourage practitioners from performing this activity…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 João Paulo Biazotto , Daniel Feitosa , Paris Avgeriou , Elisa Yumi Nakagawa

Continuous Integration (CI) is a cornerstone of modern software development. However, while widely adopted in traditional software projects, applying CI practices to Machine Learning (ML) projects presents distinctive characteristics. For…

Continuous Integration (CI) is a cornerstone of modern collaborative software development, and numerous CI platforms are available. Differences in maintenance overhead, reliability, and integration depth with code-hosting platforms make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chong Wang , Chen Zhang , Jiajun Wu , Wunan Guo , Jianfeng Qu , Yewen Tian , Yang Liu

Continuous Integration (CI) is a well-established practice in traditional software development, but its nuances in the domain of Machine Learning (ML) projects remain relatively unexplored. Given the distinctive nature of ML development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-15 João Helis Bernardo , Daniel Alencar da Costa , Sérgio Queiroz de Medeiros , Uirá Kulesza

Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) caching is widely used to reduce repeated computation and improve CI/CD efficiency, yet maintaining effective caching requires ongoing maintenance effort. In this paper, we present the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kazi Amit Hasan , Yuan Tian , Safwat Hassan , Steven H. H. Ding

Continuous integration (CI) tools integrate code changes by automatically compiling, building, and executing test cases upon submission of code changes. Use of CI tools is getting increasingly popular, yet how proprietary projects reap the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Akond Rahman , Amritanshu Agrawal , Rahul Krishna , Alexander Sobran

Model deployment in machine learning has emerged as an intriguing field of research in recent years. It is comparable to the procedure defined for conventional software development. Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Satvik Garg , Pradyumn Pundir , Geetanjali Rathee , P. K. Gupta , Somya Garg , Saransh Ahlawat

Continuous Integration (CI) encompasses a set of widely adopted practices that enhance software development. However, there are indications that developers may not adequately monitor CI practices. Hence, this paper explores developers'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jadson Santos , Daniel Alencar da Costa , Shane McIntosh , Uirá Kulesza

Background. The rapid and growing popularity of machine learning (ML) applications has led to an increasing interest in MLOps, that is, the practice of continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) of ML-enabled systems. Aims. Since changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fabio Calefato , Filippo Lanubile , Luigi Quaranta

Numerous articles emphasize the benefits of implementing Continuous Integration and Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines in software development. These pipelines are expected to improve the reputation of a project and decrease the number of commits…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jeffrey Fairbanks , Akshharaa Tharigonda , Nasir U. Eisty

CI/CD practices play a significant role during collaborative software development by automating time-consuming and repetitive tasks such as testing, building, quality checking, dependency and security management. GitHub Actions, the CI/CD…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pooya Rostami Mazrae , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Mairieli Wessel

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipeline automates software development to speed up and enhance the efficiency of engineering software. These workflows consist of various jobs, such as code validation and testing,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Simin Sun , David Friberg , Miroslaw Staron

Continuous Integration (CI) configurations often need to be migrated between services (e.g., Travis CI to GitHub Actions) as projects evolve, due to changes in service capabilities, usage limits, or service deprecation. Previous studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Md Nazmul Hossain , Taher A. Ghaleb

AI agents are increasingly used in software development, yet their interaction with CI/CD configurations is not well studied. We analyze 8,031 agentic pull requests (PRs) from 1,605 GitHub repositories where AI agents touch YAML…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Taher A. Ghaleb

As software systems grow in complexity, accurately identifying and managing dependencies among changes becomes increasingly critical. For instance, a change that leverages a function must depend on the change that introduces it.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ali Arabat , Mohammed Sayagh , Jameleddine Hassine

Continuous Integration (CI) is a widely adopted practice for faster code change integration and testing. Developers often migrate between CI systems in pursuit of features like matrix building or better logging. However, this migration is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Dhia Elhaq Rzig , Alaa Houerbi , Chungha Sung , Foyzul Hassan

In recent years, Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) has been heatedly discussed and widely used in part or all of the software development life cycle as the practices and pipeline to deliver software products in an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Yajing Luo , Peng Liang , Mojtaba Shahin , Zengyang Li , Chen Yang

Background: Continuous Integration (CI) systems are now the bedrock of several software development practices. Several tools such as TravisCI, CircleCI, and Hudson, that implement CI practices, are commonly adopted by software engineers.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Wagner Felidré , Leonardo Furtado , Daniel da Costa , Bruno Cartaxo , Gustavo Pinto

Modern software delivery has accelerated from quarterly releases to multiple deployments per day. While CI/CD tooling has matured, human decision points interpreting flaky tests, choosing rollback strategies, tuning feature flags, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Baqar , Saba Naqvi , Rajat Khanda
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