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End-to-End driving is a promising paradigm as it circumvents the drawbacks associated with modular systems, such as their overwhelming complexity and propensity for error propagation. Autonomous driving transcends conventional traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Pranav Singh Chib , Pravendra Singh

Autonomous driving has achieved significant milestones in research and development over the last two decades. There is increasing interest in the field as the deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promises safer and more ecologically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Hengshuai Yao , Randy Goebel

Autonomous driving is of great interest to industry and academia alike. The use of machine learning approaches for autonomous driving has long been studied, but mostly in the context of perception. In this paper we take a deeper look on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Ardi Tampuu , Maksym Semikin , Naveed Muhammad , Dmytro Fishman , Tambet Matiisen

Autonomous vehicles often make complex decisions via machine learning-based predictive models applied to collected sensor data. While this combination of methods provides a foundation for real-time actions, self-driving behavior primarily…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Randy Goebel

Safety-critical Autonomous Systems require trustworthy and transparent decision-making process to be deployable in the real world. The advancement of Machine Learning introduces high performance but largely through black-box algorithms. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Hongrui Zheng , Zirui Zang , Shuo Yang , Rahul Mangharam

Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promising applications for the perception and planning tasks in autonomous driving (AD) due to its superior performance compared to conventional methods. However, inscrutable AI systems exacerbate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Anton Kuznietsov , Balint Gyevnar , Cheng Wang , Steven Peters , Stefano V. Albrecht

The autonomous driving community has witnessed a rapid growth in approaches that embrace an end-to-end algorithm framework, utilizing raw sensor input to generate vehicle motion plans, instead of concentrating on individual tasks such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Li Chen , Penghao Wu , Kashyap Chitta , Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger , Hongyang Li

End-to-end autonomous driving is a fully differentiable machine learning system that takes raw sensor input data and other metadata as prior information and directly outputs the ego vehicle's control signals or planned trajectories. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Apoorv Singh

The automotive industry has witnessed an increasing level of development in the past decades; from manufacturing manually operated vehicles to manufacturing vehicles with a high level of automation. With the recent developments in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Daniel Omeiza , Helena Webb , Marina Jirotka , Lars Kunze

Explainable AI, in the context of autonomous systems, like self-driving cars, has drawn broad interests from researchers. Recent studies have found that providing explanations for autonomous vehicles' actions has many benefits (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Yuan Shen , Shanduojiao Jiang , Yanlin Chen , Katie Driggs Campbell

Improving end-users' understanding of decisions made by autonomous vehicles (AVs) driven by artificial intelligence (AI) can improve utilization and acceptance of AVs. However, current explanation mechanisms primarily help AI researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Somayeh Molaei , Lionel P. Robert , Nikola Banovic

Autonomous driving is a research direction that has gained enormous traction in the last few years thanks to advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Depending on the level of independence from the human driver, several studies show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Francesco Marchiori , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

Given the uncertainty surrounding how existing explainability methods for autonomous vehicles (AVs) meet the diverse needs of stakeholders, a thorough investigation is imperative to determine the contexts requiring explanations and suitable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sule Tekkesinoglu , Azra Habibovic , Lars Kunze

This survey reviews explainability methods for vision-based self-driving systems trained with behavior cloning. The concept of explainability has several facets and the need for explainability is strong in driving, a safety-critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Éloi Zablocki , Hédi Ben-Younes , Patrick Pérez , Matthieu Cord

Automated driving (AD) is promising, but the transition to fully autonomous driving is, among other things, subject to the real, ever-changing open world and the resulting challenges. However, research in the field of AD demonstrates the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Lars Ullrich , Michael Buchholz , Klaus Dietmayer , Knut Graichen

There has been recent and growing interest in the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles, encouraged by the empirical successes of powerful artificial intelligence techniques (AI), especially in the applications of deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Shahin Atakishiyev , Mohammad Salameh , Hengshuai Yao , Randy Goebel

In recent years, considerable progress has been made towards a vehicle's ability to operate autonomously. An end-to-end approach attempts to achieve autonomous driving using a single, comprehensive software component. Recent breakthroughs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Hege Haavaldsen , Max Aasboe , Frank Lindseth

Deep learning-based models are widely deployed in autonomous driving areas, especially the increasingly noticed end-to-end solutions. However, the black-box property of these models raises concerns about their trustworthiness and safety for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Jiankun Li , Hao Li , Jiangjiang Liu , Zhikang Zou , Xiaoqing Ye , Fan Wang , Jizhou Huang , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Transparency in automated systems could be afforded through the provision of intelligible explanations. While transparency is desirable, might it lead to catastrophic outcomes (such as anxiety), that could outweigh its benefits? It's quite…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Daniel Omeiza , Raunak Bhattacharyya , Marina Jirotka , Nick Hawes , Lars Kunze

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka
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