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Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention for addressing open-domain Question Answering (QA). While they exhibit high accuracy in answering questions related to common knowledge, LLMs encounter difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Rohan Kumar , Youngmin Kim , Sunitha Ravi , Haitian Sun , Christos Faloutsos , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Minji Yoon

Question Answering (QA) is a growing area of research, often used to facilitate the extraction of information from within documents. State-of-the-art QA models are usually pre-trained on domain-general corpora like Wikipedia and thus tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Matthew Maufe , James Ravenscroft , Rob Procter , Maria Liakata

Synthetic data generation has recently emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) without the need for expensive human annotations. However, existing methods often generate data that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Alisia Lupidi , Carlos Gemmell , Nicola Cancedda , Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Jason Weston , Jakob Foerster , Roberta Raileanu , Maria Lomeli

Question Answering (QA) is key for making possible a robust communication between human and machine. Modern language models used for QA have surpassed the human-performance in several essential tasks; however, these models require large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Liubov Nikolenko , Pouya Rezazadeh Kalehbasti

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Clinical Question Answering (QA) systems enable doctors to quickly access patient information from electronic health records (EHRs). However, training these systems requires significant annotated data, which is limited due to the expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Fan Bai , Keith Harrigian , Joel Stremmel , Hamid Hassanzadeh , Ardavan Saeedi , Mark Dredze

Current QA systems can generate reasonable-sounding yet false answers without explanation or evidence for the generated answer, which is especially problematic when humans cannot readily check the model's answers. This presents a challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Alicia Parrish , Harsh Trivedi , Ethan Perez , Angelica Chen , Nikita Nangia , Jason Phang , Samuel R. Bowman

The financial domain frequently deals with large numbers of long documents that are essential for daily operations. Significant effort is put towards automating financial data analysis. However, a persistent challenge, not limited to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Viet Dac Lai , Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Varshini Reddy , Craig Schmidt , Chris Tanner

When language models are trained on textual data, they acquire both knowledge about the structure of language as well as knowledge of facts about the world. At inference time, their knowledge of facts can be leveraged to solve interesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 John Kirchenbauer , Janny Mongkolsupawan , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein , Daphne Ippolito

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Question Answering (QA) datasets have been instrumental in developing and evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities. However, such datasets are scarce for languages other than English due to the cost and difficulties of collection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Gayane Ghazaryan , Erik Arakelyan , Pasquale Minervini , Isabelle Augenstein

Question and answer generation is a data augmentation method that aims to improve question answering (QA) models given the limited amount of human labeled data. However, a considerable gap remains between synthetic and human-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Raul Puri , Ryan Spring , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

The impressive advances and applications of large language and joint language-and-visual understanding models has led to an increased need for methods of probing their potential reasoning capabilities. However, the difficulty of gather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Nathan Vaska , Victoria Helus

We introduce a novel method of generating synthetic question answering corpora by combining models of question generation and answer extraction, and by filtering the results to ensure roundtrip consistency. By pretraining on the resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Chris Alberti , Daniel Andor , Emily Pitler , Jacob Devlin , Michael Collins

Existing table question answering datasets contain abundant factual questions that primarily evaluate the query and schema comprehension capability of a system, but they fail to include questions that require complex reasoning and…

Naturally occurring information-seeking questions often contain questionable assumptions -- assumptions that are false or unverifiable. Questions containing questionable assumptions are challenging because they require a distinct answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Najoung Kim , Phu Mon Htut , Samuel R. Bowman , Jackson Petty

Despite recent progress, state-of-the-art question answering models remain vulnerable to a variety of adversarial attacks. While dynamic adversarial data collection, in which a human annotator tries to write examples that fool a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Max Bartolo , Tristan Thrush , Robin Jia , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp , Douwe Kiela

Question generation (QG) attempts to solve the inverse of question answering (QA) problem by generating a natural language question given a document and an answer. While sequence to sequence neural models surpass rule-based systems for QG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Deepak Gupta , Hardik Chauhan , Akella Ravi Tej , Asif Ekbal , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Existing question answering (QA) systems owe much of their success to large, high-quality training data. Such annotation efforts are costly, and the difficulty compounds in the cross-lingual setting. Therefore, prior cross-lingual QA work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Bryan Li , Chris Callison-Burch

Question answering (QA) models for reading comprehension have been demonstrated to exploit unintended dataset biases such as question-context lexical overlap. This hinders QA models from generalizing to under-represented samples such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Kazutoshi Shinoda , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa
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