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For any fixed surface Sigma of genus g, we give an algorithm to decide whether a graph G of girth at least five embedded in Sigma is colorable from an assignment of lists of size three in time O(|V(G)|). Furthermore, we can allow a subgraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-30 Zdenek Dvorak , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

A complete $k$-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an assignment $\varphi:V\to\{1,\ldots,k\}$ of colors to the vertices such that no two vertices of the same color are adjacent, and the union of any two color classes contains at least one…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Gabor Bacso , Piotr Borowiecki , Mihaly Hujter , Zsolt Tuza

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ is totally multicolored is known as a proper coloring and a coloring of the edges of $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ and every $K_{2,2}$ is totally multicolored is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

We investigate a variation of the graph coloring game, as studied in [2]. In the original coloring game, two players, Alice and Bob, alternate coloring vertices on a graph with legal colors from a fixed color set, where a color {\alpha} is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-10 Michel Alexis , Davis Shurbert , Charles Dunn , Jennifer Nordstrom

A proper $k$-coloring of vertices of an $n$-vertex graph is equitable if the size of every color class is $\lfloor n/k\rfloor$ or $\lceil n/k\rceil$. An extension of it to list coloring requires only that the size of every color class is at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

Vizing's celebrated theorem asserts that any graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using at most $\Delta+1$ colors. In contrast, Bar-Noy, Naor and Motwani showed over a quarter century that the trivial greedy algorithm,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ilan Reuven Cohen , Binghui Peng , David Wajc

A subgraph $H$ of a multigraph $G$ is called strongly spanning, if any vertex of $G$ is not isolated in $H$, while it is called maximum $k$-edge-colorable, if $H$ is proper $k$-edge-colorable and has the largest size. We introduce a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Vahan V. Mkrtchyan , Gagik N. Vardanyan

A vertex coloring of a graph is said to be \textit{conflict-free} with respect to neighborhoods if for every non-isolated vertex there is a color appearing exactly once in its (open) neighborhood. As defined in [Fabrici et al.,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Yair Caro , Mirko Petruševski , Riste Škrekovski

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A (proper) $k$-edge-coloring is a coloring of the edges of $G$ such that any pair of edges sharing an endpoint receive distinct colors. A classical result of Vizing ensures that any simple graph $G$ admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Nicolas Bousquet , Bastien Durain

DP-coloring (or correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring that has been widely studied since its introduction by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. As the analogue of the chromatic polynomial of a graph $G$, $P(G,m)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Samantha L. Dahlberg , Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock

The DP-coloring problem is a generalization of the list-coloring problem in which the goal is to find an independent transversal in a certain topological cover of a graph $G$. In the online DP-coloring problem, the cover of $G$ is revealed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Peter Bradshaw

A proper conflict-free coloring of a graph is a proper vertex coloring wherein each non-isolated vertex's open neighborhood contains at least one color appearing exactly once. For a non-negative integer $k$, a graph $G$ is said to be proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Yuting Wang , Xin Zhang

DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a well-studied generalization of list coloring introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. The following sharp bound on the DP-chromatic number of the Cartesian product of graphs $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Gunjan Sharma

We propose two strategies for Presenter in on-line graph coloring games. The first one constructs bipartite graphs and forces any on-line coloring algorithm to use $2\log_2 n - 10$ colors, where $n$ is the number of vertices in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Grzegorz Gutowski , Jakub Kozik , Piotr Micek , Xuding Zhu

For a given $\varepsilon > 0$, we say that a graph $G$ is $\varepsilon$-flexibly $k$-choosable if the following holds: for any assignment $L$ of color lists of size $k$ on $V(G)$, if a preferred color from a list is requested at any set $R$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Peter Bradshaw , Tomáš Masařík , Ladislav Stacho

We show a method how to convert any graph into the binary number and vice versa. We derive upper bound for maximum number of graphs, that, have fixed number of vertices and can be colored with n colors (n is any given number). Proof for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kamil Kulesza , Zbigniew Kotulski

Let G be an n-vertex graph with list-chromatic number $\chi_\ell$. Suppose each vertex of G is assigned a list of t colors. Albertson, Grossman, and Haas conjecture that at least $t n / {\chi_\ell}$ vertices can be colored from these lists.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Glenn G. Chappell

Total coloring is a variant of edge coloring where both vertices and edges are to be colored. A graph is totally $k$-choosable if for any list assignment of $k$ colors to each vertex and each edge, we can extract a proper total coloring. In…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Marthe Bonamy , Théo Pierron , Éric Sopena

Let $\text{ch}(G)$ denote the choice number of a graph $G$ (also called "list chromatic number" or "choosability" of $G$). Noel, Reed, and Wu proved the conjecture of Ohba that $\text{ch}(G)=\chi(G)$ when $|V(G)|\le 2\chi(G)+1$. We extend…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-28 Jonathan A. Noel , Douglas B. West , Hehui Wu , Xuding Zhu

The Total Colouring Conjecture suggests that $\Delta+3$ colours ought to suffice in order to provide a proper total colouring of every graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta$. Thus far this has been confirmed up to an additive constant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Jakub Przybyło