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Continual test-time domain adaptation (CTTA) aims to adjust models so that they can perform well over time across non-stationary environments. While previous methods have made considerable efforts to optimize the adaptation process, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yanshuo Wang , Jinguang Tong , Jun Lan , Weiqiang Wang , Huijia Zhu , Haoxing Chen , Xuesong Li , Jie Hong

When continual test-time adaptation (TTA) persists over the long term, errors accumulate in the model and further cause it to predict only a few classes for all inputs, a phenomenon known as model collapse. Recent studies have explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Taejun Lim , Joong-Won Hwang , Kibok Lee

While the design of blind image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms has improved significantly, the distribution shift between the training and testing scenarios often leads to a poor performance of these methods at inference time. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Subhadeep Roy , Shankhanil Mitra , Soma Biswas , Rajiv Soundararajan

Vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit remarkable zero-shot generalization but suffer performance degradation under distribution shifts in downstream tasks, particularly in the absence of labeled data. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Khanh-Binh Nguyen , Phuoc-Nguyen Bui , Hyunseung Choo , Duc Thanh Nguyen

Tabular data plays a vital role in various real-world scenarios and finds extensive applications. Although recent deep tabular models have shown remarkable success, they still struggle to handle data distribution shifts, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Machine learning surrogates are increasingly used in engineering to accelerate costly simulations, yet distribution shifts between training and deployment often cause severe performance degradation (e.g., unseen geometries or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Anna Zimmel , Paul Setinek , Gianluca Galletti , Johannes Brandstetter , Werner Zellinger

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

A deployed question answering (QA) model can easily fail when the test data has a distribution shift compared to the training data. Robustness tuning (RT) methods have been widely studied to enhance model robustness against distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Hai Ye , Yuyang Ding , Juntao Li , Hwee Tou Ng

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Text-based person search faces inherent limitations due to data scarcity, driven by stringent privacy constraints and the high cost of manual annotation. To mitigate this, existing methods usually rely on a Pretrain-then-Finetune paradigm,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiahao Zhang , Shaofei Huang , Yaxiong Wang , Zhedong Zheng

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) adjusts models using unlabeled test data to handle dynamic distribution shifts. However, existing methods rely on frequent adaptation and high computational cost, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Hyeongheon Cha , Dong Min Kim , Hye Won Chung , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a task that continually adapts a pre-trained source model to the target domain during inference. One popular approach involves fine-tuning model with cross-entropy loss according to estimated pseudo-labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Guowei Wang , Changxing Ding , Wentao Tan , Mingkui Tan

In this study, we introduce an intelligent Test Time Augmentation (TTA) algorithm designed to enhance the robustness and accuracy of image classification models against viewpoint variations. Unlike traditional TTA methods that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Efe Ozturk , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Test-Time adaptation (TTA) aims to enhance model robustness against distribution shifts through rapid model adaptation during inference. While existing TTA methods often rely on entropy-based unsupervised training and achieve promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zixuan Hu , Yichun Hu , Ling-Yu Duan

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses domain shifts between training and testing. However, existing methods assume a homogeneous target domain (e.g., single domain) at any given time. They fail to handle the dynamic nature of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chuyang Ye , Dongyan Wei , Zhendong Liu , Yuanyi Pang , Yixi Lin , Qinting Jiang , Jingyan Jiang , Dongbiao He

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it ideal for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL models often suffer performance degradation due to…

Unsupervised tabular anomaly detection methods typically learn feature patterns from normal samples during training and subsequently identify samples that deviate from these patterns as anomalies during testing. However, in practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Huang , Hezhe Qiao , Kailai Zhang , Zaisheng Ye , Yu-Ming Shang , Xiangling Fu

In Test-time Adaptation (TTA), given a source model, the goal is to adapt it to make better predictions for test instances from a different distribution than the source. Crucially, TTA assumes no access to the source data or even any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Ansh Khurana , Sujoy Paul , Piyush Rai , Soma Biswas , Gaurav Aggarwal

Deep neural networks have useful applications in many different tasks, however their performance can be severely affected by changes in the data distribution. For example, in the biomedical field, their performance can be affected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Pedro Vianna , Muawiz Chaudhary , Paria Mehrbod , An Tang , Guy Cloutier , Guy Wolf , Michael Eickenberg , Eugene Belilovsky

Text understanding often suffers from domain shifts. To handle testing domains, domain adaptation (DA) is trained to adapt to a fixed and observed testing domain; a more challenging paradigm, test-time adaptation (TTA), cannot access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianlun Liu , Zhiliang Tian , Zhen Huang , Xingzhi Zhou , Wanlong Yu , Tianle Liu , Feng Liu , Dongsheng Li