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A key challenge for reinforcement learning is solving long-horizon planning problems. Recent work has leveraged programs to guide reinforcement learning in these settings. However, these approaches impose a high manual burden on the user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Yichen David Yang , Jeevana Priya Inala , Osbert Bastani , Yewen Pu , Armando Solar-Lezama , Martin Rinard

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

In the quest for super-human performance, Large Language Models (LLMs) have traditionally been tethered to human-annotated datasets and predefined training objectives-a process that is both labor-intensive and inherently limited. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ke Ji , Junying Chen , Anningzhe Gao , Wenya Xie , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Achieving full automation in self-driving vehicles remains a challenge, especially in dynamic urban environments where navigation requires real-time adaptability. Existing systems struggle to handle navigation plans when faced with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Augusto Luis Ballardini , Miguel Ángel Sotelo

Instruction tuning has emerged as the key in aligning large language models (LLMs) with specific task instructions, thereby mitigating the discrepancy between the next-token prediction objective and users' actual goals. To reduce the labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Chun-Liang Li , Vincent Perot , Long T. Le , Jin Miao , Zizhao Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

We introduce Goal-Conditioned Visual Navigation Instruction Generation (GoViG), a new task that aims to generate contextually coherent navigation instructions solely from egocentric visual observations of initial and goal states. Unlike…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Fengyi Wu , Yifei Dong , Yilong Dai , Guangyu Chen , Qifeng Wu , Huiting Huang , Hang Wang , Qi Dai , Alexander G. Hauptmann , Zhi-Qi Cheng

Imitation learning holds the promise to address challenging robotic tasks such as autonomous navigation. It however requires a human supervisor to oversee the training process and send correct control commands to robots without feedback,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Junhong Xu , Shangyue Zhu , Hanqing Guo , Shaoen Wu

Learning to navigate in unstructured environments is a challenging task for robots. While reinforcement learning can be effective, it often requires extensive data collection and can pose risk. Learning from expert demonstrations, on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Nimrod Curtis , Osher Azulay , Avishai Sintov

Navigating complex urban environments using natural language instructions poses significant challenges for embodied agents, including noisy language instructions, ambiguous spatial references, diverse landmarks, and dynamic street scenes.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yanghong Mei , Yirong Yang , Longteng Guo , Qunbo Wang , Ming-Ming Yu , Xingjian He , Wenjun Wu , Jing Liu

Most Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) research overlooks the maneuvering needs of passengers in autonomous driving (AD). Natural language offers an intuitive interface, yet translating passenger open-ended instructions into control signals,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiawei Liu , Xun Gong , Fen Fang , Muli Yang , Bohao Qu , Yunfeng Hu , Hong Chen , Xulei Yang , Qing Guo

Instruction-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in numerous few-shot or zero-shot Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, creating human-annotated instruction data is time-consuming, expensive, and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Aniruddha Roy , Pretam Ray , Abhilash Nandy , Somak Aditya , Pawan Goyal

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in assisting robot learning tasks, i.e., complex household planning. However, the performance of pretrained LLMs heavily relies on domain-specific templated text data, which may be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jielin Qiu , Mengdi Xu , William Han , Seungwhan Moon , Ding Zhao

Incremental decision making in real-world environments is one of the most challenging tasks in embodied artificial intelligence. One particularly demanding scenario is Vision and Language Navigation~(VLN) which requires visual and natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Raphael Schumann , Wanrong Zhu , Weixi Feng , Tsu-Jui Fu , Stefan Riezler , William Yang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) hold the promise of solving diverse tasks when provided with appropriate natural language prompts. However, prompting often leads models to make predictions with lower accuracy compared to finetuning a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Chenyang Zhao , Xueying Jia , Vijay Viswanathan , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have empowered AI agents capable of performing various sequential decision-making tasks. However, effectively guiding LLMs to perform well in unfamiliar domains like web navigation, where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yao Fu , Dong-Ki Kim , Jaekyeom Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Kyunghoon Bae , Honglak Lee

Embodied agents often struggle with efficient navigation because they rely primarily on partial egocentric observations, which restrict global foresight and lead to inefficient exploration. In contrast, humans plan using maps: we reason…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuzhuo Ao , Anbang Wang , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Navigation presents a significant challenge for persons with visual impairments (PVI). While traditional aids such as white canes and guide dogs are invaluable, they fall short in delivering detailed spatial information and precise guidance…

Synthesizing high-quality instruction data from unsupervised text is a promising paradigm for training large language models (LLMs), yet automated methods for this task still exhibit significant limitations in the diversity and difficulty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mingzhe Li , Xin Lu , Yanyan Zhao

Navigation instruction generation for visually impaired (VI) individuals (NIG-VI) is critical yet relatively underexplored. This study focuses on generating precise, in-situ, step-by-step navigation instructions that are practically usable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yi Zhao , Siqi Wang , Jing Li

In recent years, reinforcement learning and imitation learning have shown great potential for controlling humanoid robots' motion. However, these methods typically create simulation environments and rewards for specific tasks, resulting in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Jingkai Sun , Qiang Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Xiaoyang Jiang , Chong Cheng , Renjing Xu