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High speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength division multiplexing, whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode the information within a single mode optical fiber. In the seek for larger bandwidth the optical…

Laser spectroscopy and interferometry have provided an unparalleled view into the fundamental nature of matter and the universe through ultra-precise measurements of atomic transition frequencies and gravitational waves. Optical frequency…

Optical frequency combs consist of equally spaced discrete optical frequency components and are essential tools for optical communications and for precision metrology, timing and spectroscopy. To date, wide-spanning combs are most often…

Mid-infrared microscopy is an important tool for biological analyses, allowing a direct probe of molecular bonds in their low energy landscape. In addition to the label-free extraction of spectroscopic information, the application of…

Optical frequency combs are an essential tool for precision metrology experiments ranging in application from remote spectroscopic sensing of trace gases to the characterization and comparison of optical atomic clocks for precision…

Microresonator-based Kerr frequency combs ("Kerr microcombs") constitute chip-scale frequency combs of broad spectral bandwidth and repetition rate ranging from gigahertz to terahertz. An appealing application exploiting microcombs'…

CMOS-compatible Kerr microcombs have drawn substantial interest as mass-manufacturable, compact alternatives to bulk frequency combs. This could enable deployment of many comb-reliant applications previously confined to laboratories.…

The exponential growth of computing needs for artificial intelligence and machine learning has had a dramatic impact on data centre energy consumption, which has risen to environmentally significant levels. Using light to send information…

The sensitivity of molecular fingerprinting is dramatically improved when placing the absorbing sample in a high-finesse optical cavity, thanks to the large increase of the effective path-length. As demonstrated recently, when the…

Frequency comb spectroscopy has significantly advanced molecular spectroscopy across scientific research and diverse applications. Among its key performance metrics especially for time-resolved studies, sensitivity and measurement speed are…

Optical atomic clocks deliver unrivaled precision, yet their size and complexity still confine them to specialized laboratories. Frequency combs provide the crucial optical-to-microwave division needed for clock readout, but conventional…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-12 Andrei Diakonov , Konstantin Khrizman , Liron Stern

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized the field of frequency metrology within the last decade and have become enabling tools for atomic clocks, gas sensing and astrophysical spectrometer calibration. The rapidly increasing number of…

Optics · Physics 2015-11-30 P. Del'Haye , T. Herr , E. Gavartin , R. Holzwarth , T. J. Kippenberg

Recently developed techniques for generating precisely equidistant optical frequencies over broad wavelength ranges are revolutionizing precision physical measurement [1-3]. These frequency "combs" are produced primarily using relatively…

Frequency-modulated (FM) laser combs, which offer a periodic quasi-continuous-wave output and a flat-topped optical spectrum, are emerging as a promising solution for wavelength-division multiplexing applications, precision metrology, and…

Developments in integrated photonics have led to stable, compact, and broadband comb generators that support a wide range of applications. Current on-chip comb generators, however, are still limited by low optical pump-to-comb conversion…

We review new applications of integrated microcombs in RF and microwave photonic systems. We demonstrate a wide range of powerful functions including a photonic intensity high order and fractional differentiators, optical true time delays,…

We present a novel approach to realize microresonator-comb-based high resolution spectroscopy that combines a fiber-laser cavity with a microresonator. Although the spectral resolution of a chip-based comb source is typically limited by the…

Integrated Kerr micro-combs, a powerful source of many wavelengths for photonic RF and microwave signal processing, are particularly useful for transversal filter systems. They have many advantages including a compact footprint, high…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Mengxi Tan , Xingyuan Xu , Jiayang Wu , David J. Moss

We present a novel approach to cavity ring-down spectroscopy utilizing an optical frequency comb as the direct probe of the Fabry-Perot cavity, coupled with a time-resolved Fourier transform spectrometer for parallel retrieval of ring-down…

Dissipative Kerr-microresonator soliton combs (hereafter called soliton combs) are promising to realize chip scale integration of full soliton comb systems providing high precision, broad spectral coverage and a coherent link to the…