English
Related papers

Related papers: The Negative Energy Sea

200 papers

In this paper, we study the error bound between the Dirac--Fock ground-state energy and the Hartree--Fock ground-state energy, a quantity known as the relativistic effect in quantum mechanics. We confirm that the relativistic effect in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Long Meng

Building on the "quantum inequalities" introduced by Ford, I argue that the negative local energies encountered in quantum field theory can only be observed by detectors with positive energies at least as great in magnitude. This means that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Adam D. Helfer

A covariant Hamiltonian description was introduced in the dynamics of charges and electromagnetic interaction. By a canonical transformation this Hamiltonian formalism was transformed to obtain the Dirac generators for any form of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-08-26 E. Piña

We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also space-time points, are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-09 Tejinder P. Singh

It is shown that in a quantum theory over a Galois field, the famous Dirac's result about antiparticles is generalized such that a particle and its antiparticle are already combined at the level of irreducible representations of the…

General Physics · Physics 2014-10-09 Felix M. Lev

In this Letter we have derived the gravitational anomaly leading to the Hawking radiation from a fundamentally different perspective: it emerges due to the {\it{complimentary}} roles played by tunneling and (gravitational) anomaly. We have…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Subir Ghosh

The geometric properties of General Relativity are reconsidered as a particular nonlinear interaction of fields on a flat background where the perceived geometry and coordinates are "physical" entities that are interpolated by a patchwork…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Clifford E. Chafin

The Dirac theory implies the existence of an internal vector space, in addition to spin space. Using Dirac's coupling of variables in internal space to those in physical space, we construct a new configuration structure for particles in the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Janet Pan , Lu Lin

The effects of the Dirac sea of the nucleons are investigated within a covariant model of the hadronic interaction. We extend the usual Mean Field Approximation and present a procedure to deal with divergences which are proportional to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-12-18 R. M. Aguirre

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics was originally formulated to describe particles. Using ideas from the geometric quantization approach, we show how the concept of antiparticles can and should be introduced in the non-relativistic case…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Alexander D. Popov

The relational version of the modal interpretation offers both a consistent quantum ontology and solution for quantum paradoxes within the framework of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. In the present paper this approach is generalized for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene

This is a self-contained and hopefully readable account on the method of creation and annihilation operators (also known as the Fock space representation or the "second quantization" formalism) for non-relativistic quantum mechanics of many…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-17 Hal Tasaki

In this paper, a theory of dark energy is proposed that matches dark matter. The relativistic quantum mechanics equations reveal that free particles can have negative energies. We think that the negative energy is the dark energy which…

General Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Huai-Yu Wang

We derive the Dirac equation for a particle in the background of the Newman-Unti-Tamburino (NUT) spacetime by applying the tetrad formalism, and separate the angular and radial parts. We get the system of two differential equations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 N. G. Krylova , V. M. Red'kov

In nuclear physics, the relativistic mean-field theory describes the nucleus as a system of Dirac nucleons which interact via meson fields. In a static case and without nonlinear self-coupling of the $\sigma$ meson, the relativistic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Simona Rota Nodari

We push ahead the idea developed in [24], that some fraction of the dark matter and the dark energy can be explained as a relativistic effect. The inhomogeneity matter generates gravitational distortions, which are general relativistically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-12 Federico Re

Geometrical model for quantum objects is suggested. It is shown that equations for free material Dirac field and for Maxwell electromagnetic field can be considered as relations describing propagation of the space topological defects. This…

General Physics · Physics 2008-02-18 O. A. Olkhov

After recalling standard nonlinear port-Hamiltonian systems and their algebraic constraint equations, called here Dirac algebraic constraints, an extended class of port-Hamiltonian systems is introduced. This is based on replacing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Arjan van der Schaft , Bernhard Maschke

The Dirac approach to include magnetic charge in Maxwell's equations places the magnetic charge at the end of a string on which the the fields of the theory develop a singularity. In this paper an alternative formulation of classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Douglas Singleton

The usual treatment of a (first order) classical field theory such as electromagnetism has a little drawback: It has a primary constraint submanifold that arise from the fact that the dynamics is governed by the antisymmetric part of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-05-21 Santiago Capriotti