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Vision-language models (VLMs) seamlessly integrate visual and textual data to perform tasks such as image classification, caption generation, and visual question answering. However, adversarial images often struggle to deceive all prompts…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xikang Yang , Xuehai Tang , Fuqing Zhu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in cross-modality interaction, yet they also suffer adversarial vulnerabilities. In particular, the transferability of adversarial examples remains an ongoing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jiayan Yang , Jinhao Duan , Yichi Wang , Jiahang Cao , Qiang Zhang , Le Yang , Kaidi Xu , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong instruction-following capability to interpret and execute tasks as directed by human commands. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have inferior instruction-following ability compared to LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Te Yang , Jian Jia , Xiangyu Zhu , Weisong Zhao , Bo Wang , Yanhua Cheng , Yan Li , Shengyuan Liu , Quan Chen , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Zhen Lei

Current adversarial attacks for evaluating the robustness of vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models in multi-modal tasks suffer from limited transferability, where attacks crafted for a specific model often struggle to generalize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Peng-Fei Zhang , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used in autonomous driving because they combine visual perception with language-based reasoning, supporting more interpretable decision-making, yet their robustness to physical adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 David Fernandez , Pedram MohajerAnsari , Amir Salarpour , Mert D. Pese

Recent studies have revealed that modern image and video quality assessment (IQA/VQA) metrics are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. An attacker can manipulate a video through preprocessing to artificially increase its quality score…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Georgii Gotin , Ekaterina Shumitskaya , Anastasia Antsiferova , Dmitriy Vatolin

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) integrate visual data processing, expanding their real-world applications, but also increasing the risk of generating unsafe responses. In response, leading companies have implemented Multi-Layered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Xiao Yang , Lanqing Hong , Jun Zhu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) extend large language models with visual reasoning, but their multimodal design also introduces new, underexplored vulnerabilities. Existing multimodal red-teaming methods largely rely on brittle templates,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qilin Liao , Anamika Lochab , Ruqi Zhang

Pre-trained vision-language (VL) models are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, existing defense methods primarily focus on image classification, overlooking two key aspects of VL tasks: multimodal attacks, where both image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Futa Waseda , Antonio Tejero-de-Pablos , Isao Echizen

Recent vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated superior capabilities in learning representations that can be transferable across diverse range of downstream tasks and domains. With the emergence of such powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Hunmin Yang , Jongoh Jeong , Kuk-Jin Yoon

The integration of new modalities into frontier AI systems offers exciting capabilities, but also increases the possibility such systems can be adversarially manipulated in undesirable ways. In this work, we focus on a popular class of…

Existing vision-language pre-training (VLP) methods primarily rely on paired image-text datasets, which are either annotated by enormous human labors, or crawled from the internet followed by elaborate data cleaning techniques. To reduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Teng Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zhichao Lu , Feng Zheng , Ran Cheng , Chengguo Yin , Ping Luo

The explosive growth of multimodal data has driven the rapid development of multimodal entity linking (MEL) models. However, existing studies have not systematically investigated the impact of visual adversarial attacks on MEL models. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Fang Wang , Yongjie Wang , Zonghao Yang , Minghao Hu , Xiaoying Bai

Recent studies reveal that integrating new modalities into Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Vision-Language Models (VLMs), creates a new attack surface that bypasses existing safety training techniques like Supervised Fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Trishna Chakraborty , Erfan Shayegani , Zikui Cai , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , M. Salman Asif , Yue Dong , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Chengyu Song

Vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models have been the foundation of numerous vision-language tasks. Given their prevalence, it becomes imperative to assess their adversarial robustness, especially when deploying them in security-crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-12 Peng-Fei Zhang , Zi Huang , Guangdong Bai

In recent years, the growing demand for medical imaging diagnosis has placed a significant burden on radiologists. As a solution, Medical Vision-Language Pre-training (Med-VLP) methods have been proposed to learn universal representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ke Zhang , Yan Yang , Jun Yu , Hanliang Jiang , Jianping Fan , Qingming Huang , Weidong Han

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have underscored their superiority in various multimodal tasks. However, the adversarial robustness of VLMs has not been fully explored. Existing methods mainly assess robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Hanxu Zhou , Chuanjun Ji , Guangnan Ye , Yu-Gang Jiang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved enhanced performance across various vision-language tasks including visual grounding capabilities. However, the adversarial robustness of visual grounding remains unexplored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Kuofeng Gao , Yang Bai , Jiawang Bai , Yong Yang , Shu-Tao Xia

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) integrate vision and text to power applications, but this integration introduces new vulnerabilities. We study Image-based Prompt Injection (IPI), a black-box attack in which adversarial instructions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Neha Nagaraja , Lan Zhang , Zhilong Wang , Bo Zhang , Pawan Patil