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Interval designs are a class of phase I trial designs for which the decision of dose assignment is determined by comparing the observed toxicity rate at the current dose with a prespecified (toxicity tolerance) interval. If the observed…
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health with millions of deaths linked to drug resistant infections every year. To mitigate resistance, common strategies that are used are combination therapies and therapy switching. However,…
We consider an optimal control problem for a diffuse interface model of tumor growth. The state equations couples a Cahn-Hilliard equation and a reaction-diffusion equation, which models the growth of a tumor in the presence of a nutrient…
With increasing interest in adaptive clinical trial designs, challenges are present to drug supply chain management which may offset the benefit of adaptive designs. Thus, it is necessary to develop an optimization tool to facilitate the…
Adherence can be defined as "the extent to which patients take their medications as prescribed by their healthcare providers"[Osterberg and Blaschke, 2005]. World Health Organization's reports point out that, in developed countries, only…
Phase I dose-finding trials are increasingly challenging as the relationship between efficacy and toxicity of new compounds (or combination of them) becomes more complex. Despite this, most commonly used methods in practice focus on…
Existing causal methods for time-varying exposure and time-varying confounding focus on estimating the average causal effect of a time-varying binary treatment on an end-of-study outcome, offering limited tools for characterizing marginal…
We propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-based system that would automatically prescribe a hypothetical patient medication that may help the patient with their mental health-related speech disfluency, and adjust the medication and the…
Background: Phase I trials desire to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) early and proceed quickly to an expansion cohort or phase II trial for efficacy. We propose an early completion method based on multiple dosages to accelerate…
In medical treatment and elsewhere, it has become standard to base treatment intensity (dosage) on evidence in randomized trials. Yet it has been rare to study how outcomes vary with dosage. In trials to obtain drug approval, the norm has…
Conventionally, a first-in-human phase I trial in healthy volunteers aims to confirm the safety of a drug in humans. In such situations, volunteers should not suffer from any safety issues and simple algorithm-based dose-escalation schemes…
Social media platforms provide valuable opportunities for users to gather information, interact with friends, and enjoy entertainment. However, their addictive potential poses significant challenges, including overuse and negative…
Patients who are seriously ill may ask doctors to treat them with unapproved medication, about which not much is known, or else with known medication in a high dosage. Apart from strict legal constraints such cases may involve difficult…
Iterative numerical algorithms are typically equipped with a stopping criterion, where the iteration process is terminated when some error or misfit measure is deemed to be below a given tolerance. This is a useful setting for comparing…
The number of new cancer cases is expected to increase by about 50% in the next 20 years, and the need for chemotherapy treatments will increase accordingly. Chemotherapy treatments are usually performed in outpatient cancer centers where…
Purpose: We present a framework for robust automated treatment planning using machine learning, comprising scenario-specific dose prediction and robust dose mimicking. Methods: The scenario dose prediction pipeline is divided into the…
Despite growing scientific interest in the placebo effect and increasing understanding of neurobiological mechanisms, theoretical modeling of the placebo response remains poorly developed. The most extensively accepted theories are…
Opioid addiction has become a global epidemic and a national health crisis in recent years, with the number of opioid overdose fatalities steadily increasing since the 1990s. In contrast to the dynamics of a typical illicit drug or disease…
Consistent distillation methods have evolved into effective techniques that significantly accelerate the sampling process of diffusion models. Although existing methods have achieved remarkable results, the selection of target timesteps…
Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant, and has a narrow therapeutic range. Dosing of warfarin should be individualized, since slight overdosing or underdosing can have catastrophic or even fatal consequences. Despite much research on…