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Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate performance degradation under distribution shifts by updating model parameters during inference. Existing approaches have primarily framed adaptation around affine modulation, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to ever-changing environments during the test time under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA approaches are based on the Mean Teacher (MT) structure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jiaxu Tian , Fan Lyu

Speech emotion recognition (SER) with audio-language models (ALMs) remains vulnerable to distribution shifts at test time, leading to performance degradation in out-of-domain scenarios. Test-time adaptation (TTA) provides a promising…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiacheng Shi , Hongfei Du , Y. Alicia Hong , Ye Gao

Domain adaptation of visual detectors is a critical challenge, yet existing methods have overlooked pixel appearance transformations, focusing instead on bootstrapping and/or domain confusion losses. We propose a Semantic Pixel-Level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Eric Tzeng , Kaylee Burns , Kate Saenko , Trevor Darrell

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP achieve strong zero-shot recognition by comparing image embeddings to text-derived class prototypes. However, under domain shift, they suffer from feature drift, class-prior mismatch, and severe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Byunghyun Kim

The divergence between labeled training data and unlabeled testing data is a significant challenge for recent deep learning models. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) attempts to solve such problem. Recent works show that self-training is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Chuang Zhu , Kebin Liu , Wenqi Tang , Ke Mei , Jiaqi Zou , Tiejun Huang

A foundational requirement of a deployed ML model is to generalize to data drawn from a testing distribution that is different from training. A popular solution to this problem is to adapt a pre-trained model to novel domains using only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Kowshik Thopalli , Pavan Turaga , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification models are highly sensitive to distribution shifts caused by real-world degradations such as noise, blur, compression, and atmospheric effects. To address this challenge, we propose HyperTTA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xia Yue , Anfeng Liu , Ning Chen , Chenjia Huang , Hui Liu , Zhou Huang , Leyuan Fang

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to transfer knowledge learned from a fully-labeled source domain to a different unlabeled target domain. Most existing UDA methods learn domain-invariant feature representations by minimizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Rui Wang , Zuxuan Wu , Zejia Weng , Jingjing Chen , Guo-Jun Qi , Yu-Gang Jiang

Semantic segmentation requires a lot of training data, which necessitates costly annotation. There have been many studies on unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) from one domain to another, e.g., from computer graphics to real images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Zhijie Wang , Xing Liu , Masanori Suganuma , Takayuki Okatani

Deep neural networks demonstrate strong performance under aligned training-test distributions. However, real-world test data often exhibit domain shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this challenge by adapting the model to test data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Byung-Joon Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jee-Hyong Lee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP enable strong zero-shot recognition but suffer substantial degradation under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to improve robustness using only unlabeled test samples, yet most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sanggeon Yun , Ryozo Masukawa , SungHeon Jeong , Wenjun Huang , Hanning Chen , Mohsen Imani

Tabular data plays a vital role in various real-world scenarios and finds extensive applications. Although recent deep tabular models have shown remarkable success, they still struggle to handle data distribution shifts, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness by enabling adaptation to target distributions that differ from training distributions, improving real-world generalizability. However, most existing TTA approaches focus on adjusting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yewon Han , Seoyun Yang , Taesup Kim

Although data is abundant, data labeling is expensive. Semi-supervised learning methods combine a few labeled samples with a large corpus of unlabeled data to effectively train models. This paper introduces our proposed method LiDAM, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Qun Liu , Matthew Shreve , Raja Bala

Most existing unsupervised domain adaptation methods mainly focused on aligning the marginal distributions of samples between the source and target domains. This setting does not sufficiently consider the class distribution information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Wanqi Yang , Tong Ling , Chengmei Yang , Lei Wang , Yinghuan Shi , Luping Zhou , Ming Yang

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

The diversity of retinal imaging devices poses a significant challenge: domain shift, which leads to performance degradation when applying the deep learning models trained on one domain to new testing domains. In this paper, we propose a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Peng Liu , Charlie T. Tran , Bin Kong , Ruogu Fang

Machine learning in medical imaging during clinical routine is impaired by changes in scanner protocols, hardware, or policies resulting in a heterogeneous set of acquisition settings. When training a deep learning model on an initial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Matthias Perkonigg , Johannes Hofmanninger , Christian Herold , Helmut Prosch , Georg Langs

Real-world deployment often exposes models to distribution shifts, making test-time adaptation (TTA) critical for robustness. Yet most TTA methods are unfriendly to edge deployment, as they rely on backpropagation, activation buffering, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinyu Luo , Jie Liu , Kecheng Chen , Junyi Yang , Bo Ding , Arindam Basu , Haoliang Li