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We present the vector quantized diffusion (VQ-Diffusion) model for text-to-image generation. This method is based on a vector quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE) whose latent space is modeled by a conditional variant of the recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Shuyang Gu , Dong Chen , Jianmin Bao , Fang Wen , Bo Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Lu Yuan , Baining Guo

Vector quantization is a fundamental operation for data compression and vector search. To obtain high accuracy, multi-codebook methods represent each vector using codewords across several codebooks. Residual quantization (RQ) is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Iris A. M. Huijben , Matthijs Douze , Matthew Muckley , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Jakob Verbeek

Vector Quantization (VQ) underpins many modern generative frameworks such as VQ-VAE, VQ-GAN, and latent diffusion models. Yet, it suffers from the persistent problem of codebook collapse, where a large fraction of code vectors remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Lu , Onur C. Koyun , Yongxin Guo , Zhengjie Zhu , Abbas Alili , Metin Nafi Gurcan

Vision language tasks, such as answering questions about or generating captions that describe an image, are difficult tasks for computers to perform. A relatively recent body of research has adapted the pretrained transformer architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Clayton Fields , Casey Kennington

Built upon vector quantization (VQ), discrete audio codec models have achieved great success in audio compression and auto-regressive audio generation. However, existing models face substantial challenges in perceptual quality and signal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Zhikang Niu , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu

The growing context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) enlarges the Key-Value (KV) cache, limiting deployment in resource-limited environments. Prior training-free approaches for KV cache compression typically rely on low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yixuan Wang , Qingyu Shi , Jiayu Zhou , Dianbo Liu , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) offers tremendous potential but is currently limited by the availability of qubits. We introduce an innovative approach that utilizes pre-trained neural networks to enhance Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Yang , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Pin-Yu Chen , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegner

Neural audio coding has emerged as a vivid research direction by promising good audio quality at very low bitrates unachievable by classical coding techniques. Here, end-to-end trainable autoencoder-like models represent the state of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Andreas Brendel , Nicola Pia , Kishan Gupta , Lyonel Behringer , Guillaume Fuchs , Markus Multrus

Medical image segmentation allows quantifying target structure size and shape, aiding in disease diagnosis, prognosis, surgery planning, and comprehension.Building upon recent advancements in foundation Vision-Language Models (VLMs) from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kanchan Poudel , Manish Dhakal , Prasiddha Bhandari , Rabin Adhikari , Safal Thapaliya , Bishesh Khanal

We introduce CogVLM, a powerful open-source visual language foundation model. Different from the popular shallow alignment method which maps image features into the input space of language model, CogVLM bridges the gap between the frozen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Weihan Wang , Qingsong Lv , Wenmeng Yu , Wenyi Hong , Ji Qi , Yan Wang , Junhui Ji , Zhuoyi Yang , Lei Zhao , Xixuan Song , Jiazheng Xu , Bin Xu , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Ming Ding , Jie Tang

Images captured in nighttime scenes suffer from severely reduced visibility, hindering effective content perception. Current low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods face significant challenges: data-driven end-to-end mapping networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tongshun Zhang , Pingping Liu , Zhe Zhang , Qiuzhan Zhou

In this work, we design and implement VQ-LLM, an efficient fused Vector Quantization (VQ) kernel generation framework. We first introduce a software abstraction called codebook cache to optimize codebook access efficiency and support the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zihan Liu , Xinhao Luo , Junxian Guo , Wentao Ni , Yangjie Zhou , Yue Guan , Cong Guo , Weihao Cui , Yu Feng , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu , Minjia Zhang , Jingwen Leng , Chen Jin

The residual vector quantization (RVQ) technique plays a central role in recent advances in neural audio codecs. These models effectively synthesize high-fidelity audio from a limited number of codes due to the hierarchical structure among…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Hyeongju Kim , Junhyeok Lee , Jacob Morton , Juheon Lee , Jinhyeok Yang

Video Coding for Machines (VCM) is committed to bridging to an extent separate research tracks of video/image compression and feature compression, and attempts to optimize compactness and efficiency jointly from a unified perspective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Wenhan Yang , Haofeng Huang , Yueyu Hu , Ling-Yu Duan , Jiaying Liu

Recent progress in scaling up large language models has shown impressive capabilities in performing few-shot learning across a wide range of text-based tasks. However, a key limitation is that these language models fundamentally lack visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Hao Liu , Wilson Yan , Pieter Abbeel

Modern language models are trained almost exclusively on token sequences produced by a fixed tokenizer, an external lossless compressor often over UTF-8 byte sequences, thereby coupling the model to that compressor. This work introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lin Zheng , Xinyu Li , Qian Liu , Xiachong Feng , Lingpeng Kong

Image Quality Transfer (IQT) aims to enhance the contrast and resolution of low-quality medical images, e.g. obtained from low-power devices, with rich information learned from higher quality images. In contrast to existing IQT methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Ahmed Karam Eldaly , Matteo Figini , Daniel C. Alexander

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing weights to low-precision datatypes. Since LLM inference is usually memory-bound, PTQ methods can improve inference throughput. Recent state-of-the-art PTQ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Albert Tseng , Qingyao Sun , David Hou , Christopher De Sa

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve outstanding performance, yet their huge model size severely hinders deployment on edge devices with limited resources. As an efficient model compression technique, vector quantization (VQ) excels in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhong Wang , Zukang Xu , Xing Hu , Dawei Yang

Vector quantization is a fundamental technique for compression and large-scale nearest neighbor search. For high-accuracy operating points, multi-codebook quantization associates data vectors with one element from each of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Théophane Vallaeys , Matthew Muckley , Jakob Verbeek , Matthijs Douze