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Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are emerging as a core component of future 6G communication systems, providing global connectivity and supporting data-intensive applications. In this paper, we propose a distributed hierarchical federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Amin Farajzadeh , Animesh Yadav , Halim Yanikomeroglu

With a motive of ubiquitous connectivity over the globe with enhanced spectral efficiency, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) integrated satellite-terrestrial communications is a topic of research interest in an infrastructure-deficient…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Parvez Shaik , Kamal Kishore Garg , Praveen Kumar Singya , Vimal Bhatia , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The increasing demand for ubiquitous, highcapacity mobile connectivity has driven cellular systems to explore beyond-terrestrial deployments. In this paper, we present a system-level performance evaluation of fifth-generation (5G)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 German Svistunov , Matteo Bernabe , David Lopez-Perez

The growing demand for radio access networks (RANs) driven by advanced wireless technology and the everincreasing mobile traffic, faces significant energy consumption challenges that threaten sustainability. To address this, an architecture…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Maryam Salamatmoghadasi , Amir Mehrabian , Halim Yanikomeroglu

In past years, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have emerged as a viable solution for providing ubiquitous connectivity for future wireless networks due to their ability to reach large geographical areas. However, the efficient integration…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Henri Alam , Antonio De Domenico , David López-Pérez , Florian Kaltenberger

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, where billions of devices and sensors are becoming more and more connected and ubiquitous, is putting a strain on traditional terrestrial networks, that may no longer be able to fulfill…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Dengke Wang , Alessandro Traspadini , Marco Giordani , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Michele Zorzi

In this work, we explore the potential benefits of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (ABSs) with sub-6GHz band and small cells terrestrial base stations (TBSs) with millimeter wave (mmWave) band in a hybrid…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Cunzhuo Zhao , Yuanwei Liu , Yunlong Cai , Minjian Zhao , Zhiguo Ding

This paper examines integrated satellite-terrestrial networks (ISTNs) in urban environments, where terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) share the same frequency band in the C-band which is considered the promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

Non-terrestrial networks have been attracting much interest from the industry and academia. Satellites and high altitude platform station (HAPS) systems are expected to be the key enablers of next-generation wireless networks. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-01 Olfa Ben Yahia , Eylem Erdogan , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Ibrahim Altunbas , Halim Yanikomeroglu

The co-existence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) is essential for achieving global coverage in sixth-generation cellular networks. Due to increasing spectrum demand, there is discussion in the world level to share some…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Lingrui Zhang , Zheng Li , Sheng Yang

Next-generation wireless networks require massive connectivity and ubiquitous coverage, for which non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) are a promising enabler. However, NTNs, especially non-geostationary satellites bring about challenges such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-14 Yusuf Islam Demir , Muhammad Sohaib J. Solaija , Huseyin Arslan

This paper studies the potential improvement in the achievable data rate available to ground users by integrating satellite, airborne, and terrestrial networks. The goal is to establish dynamic wireless services in remote or…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Ahmad Alsharoa , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Despite the rapid proliferation of Internet of Things applications driving widespread wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment, traditional WSNs remain fundamentally constrained by persistent energy limitations that severely restrict…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jianhang Yao , Hui Kang , Geng Sun , Jiahui Li , Hongjuan Li , Jiacheng Wang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato

A High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is a network node that operates in the stratosphere at an of altitude around 20 km and is instrumental for providing communication services. Precipitated by technological innovations in the areas of…

Co-existence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTN) is foreseen as an important component to fulfill the global coverage promised for sixth-generation (6G) of cellular networks. Due to ever rising spectrum demand, using dedicated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Niloofar Okati , Andre Noll Barreto , Luis Uzeda Garcia , Jeroen Wigard

This letter introduces weighted sum power (WSP), a new performance metric for wireless resource allocation during cooperative spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, where the primary and secondary nodes have different priorities and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yang Yu

In this work, we study a multi-user NTN in which a satellite serves as the primary network and a high-altitude platform station (HAPS) operates as the secondary network, acting as a cognitive radio. To reduce the cost, complexity, and power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Xingwang Li , Symeon Chatzinotas , Petar Popovski , Zhu Han

The co-existence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) is essential for achieving comprehensive global coverage in sixth-generation cellular networks. Given the escalating demand for spectrum, there is an ongoing global…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Lingrui Zhang , Zheng Li , Sheng Yang

Cell switching is a promising approach for improving energy efficiency in wireless networks; however, existing studies largely rely on simplified models and energy-centric formulations that overlook key performance-limiting factors. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Mehmet Eren Uluçınar , Özgün Ersoy , Berk Ciloglu , Metin Ozturk , Ali Gorcin

This paper proposes, and evaluates the benefit of, one particular hybrid satellite-HAPS-ground network, where one high-altitude-platform-station (HAPS) connected to one geo-satellite assists the ground base-stations (BSs) at serving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Shasha Liu , Hayssam Dahrouj , Mohamed-Slim Alouini