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Related papers: Counterfactual Image Editing

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We present Causal-Adapter, a modular framework that adapts frozen text-to-image diffusion backbones for counterfactual image generation. Our method supports causal interventions on target attributes and consistently propagates their effects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Lei Tong , Zhihua Liu , Chaochao Lu , Dino Oglic , Tom Diethe , Philip Teare , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Chen Jin

Counterfactuals refer to minimally edited inputs that cause a model's prediction to change, serving as a promising approach to explaining the model's behavior. Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating English counterfactuals and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qianli Wang , Van Bach Nguyen , Yihong Liu , Fedor Splitt , Nils Feldhus , Christin Seifert , Hinrich Schütze , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

When an image classifier outputs a wrong class label, it can be helpful to see what changes in the image would lead to a correct classification. This is the aim of algorithms generating counterfactual explanations. However, there is no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Benedikt Höltgen , Lisa Schut , Jan M. Brauner , Yarin Gal

Providing explanations about how machine learning algorithms work and/or make particular predictions is one of the main tools that can be used to improve their trusworthiness, fairness and robustness. Among the most intuitive type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rubén Ruiz-Torrubiano

Deep generative models have shown tremendous capability in data density estimation and data generation from finite samples. While these models have shown impressive performance by learning correlations among features in the data, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Aneesh Komanduri , Xintao Wu , Yongkai Wu , Feng Chen

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently achieved significant improvement on paired/unpaired image-to-image translation, such as photo$\rightarrow$ sketch and artist painting style transfer. However, existing models can only be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-02 Xiaodan Liang , Hao Zhang , Eric P. Xing

Detecting AI generated images is a challenging yet essential task. A primary difficulty arises from the detectors tendency to rely on spurious patterns, such as compression artifacts, which can influence its decisions. These issues often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Anirudh Sundara Rajan , Yong Jae Lee

We propose an architecture for training generative models of counterfactual conditionals of the form, 'can we modify event A to cause B instead of C?', motivated by applications in robot control. Using an 'adversarial training' paradigm, an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Simón C. Smith , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

This paper investigates the problem of bounding counterfactual queries from an arbitrary collection of observational and experimental distributions and qualitative knowledge about the underlying data-generating model represented in the form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Junzhe Zhang , Jin Tian , Elias Bareinboim

Ascription of an image gives insights into the objects that influence the classification of the whole image or its pixels towards a specific category. These insights help radiologists to visualize deformities in medical imaging. Most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shakeeb Murtaza

We introduce an approach to counterfactual inference based on merging information from multiple datasets. We consider a causal reformulation of the statistical marginal problem: given a collection of marginal structural causal models (SCMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Luigi Gresele , Julius von Kügelgen , Jonas M. Kübler , Elke Kirschbaum , Bernhard Schölkopf , Dominik Janzing

Counterfactual Explanations (CEs) are an important tool in Algorithmic Recourse for addressing two questions: 1. What are the crucial factors that led to an automated prediction/decision? 2. How can these factors be changed to achieve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xuan Zhao , Klaus Broelemann , Gjergji Kasneci

Due to the limited availability of medical data, deep learning approaches for medical image analysis tend to generalise poorly to unseen data. Augmenting data during training with random transformations has been shown to help and became a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-04 Tian Xia , Pedro Sanchez , Chen Qin , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Counterfactual explanations have been successfully applied to create human interpretable explanations for various black-box models. They are handy for tasks in the image domain, where the quality of the explanations benefits from recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Trung Duc Ha , Sidney Bender

The growing integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) models into high-stakes domains such as healthcare and scientific research calls for models that are not only accurate but also interpretable. Among the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhuo Cao , Xuan Zhao , Lena Krieger , Hanno Scharr , Ira Assent

Counterfactual medical image generation enables clinicians to explore clinical hypotheses, such as predicting disease progression, facilitating their decision-making. While existing methods can generate visually plausible images from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Chenglong Ma , Yuanfeng Ji , Jin Ye , Lu Zhang , Ying Chen , Tianbin Li , Mingjie Li , Junjun He , Hongming Shan

Generative adversarial networks offer the possibility to generate deceptively real images that are almost indistinguishable from actual photographs. Such systems however rely on the presence of large datasets to realistically replicate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Silvan Mertes , Dominik Schiller , Florian Lingenfelser , Thomas Kiderle , Valentin Kroner , Lama Diab , Elisabeth André

Adapting text-to-image (T2I) latent diffusion models (LDMs) to video editing has shown strong visual fidelity and controllability, but challenges remain in maintaining causal relationships inherent to the video data generating process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Nikos Spyrou , Athanasios Vlontzos , Paraskevas Pegios , Thomas Melistas , Nefeli Gkouti , Yannis Panagakis , Giorgos Papanastasiou , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Clinical decision making requires counterfactual reasoning based on a factual medical image and thus necessitates causal image synthesis. To this end, we present a novel method for modeling the causality between demographic variables,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Yujia Li , Jiong Shi , S. Kevin Zhou

Causal world models are systems that can answer counterfactual questions about an environment of interest, i.e. predict how it would have evolved if an arbitrary subset of events had been realized differently. It requires understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Gaël Gendron , Jože M. Rožanec , Michael Witbrock , Gillian Dobbie